经济学人下载:一周要闻 鲍里斯当选英首相 鲍里斯清洗内阁 伊朗英国互扣油轮

The world this week
本周要闻

politics
政治

Boris Johnson took over as Britain’s prime minister from Theresa May after winning the Conservative Party’s leadership contest. Mr Johnson was the favourite from the outset and won comfortably, taking 66% of the vote from the 160,000 party members on an 87% turnout. Some wonder how long he will last. Brexit has already claimed two British prime ministers. When Parliament scrutinises his Brexit proposals Mr Johnson is likely to struggle as much as Mrs May did.
鲍里斯·约翰逊(Boris Johnson)在赢得保守党党魁选举后接替特蕾莎·梅出任英国首相。约翰逊从一开始就是最受欢迎的候选人，此番是轻松获胜，在16万名党员中获得66%的选票，投票率高达87%。有些人想知道他的路能走多久。英国脱欧已经导致两任英国首相下台。当议会审议其脱欧提议时，约翰逊很可能会像前首相梅一样无措。

Mr Johnson started naming his new ministers, aiming to move away from the pale, male and stale image of previous cabinets. Sajid Javid was appointed chancellor of the exchequer, Dominic Raab took charge at the Foreign Office and Priti Patel became home secretary. There were two other themes in his picks: the new cabinet is packed with pro-Brexiteers and those who backed Mr Johnson in the leadership race.
约翰逊开始任命他的新内阁成员，旨在摆脱前任内阁苍白、男性和迂腐的形象。萨吉德·贾维德被任命为财政大臣，多米尼克·拉布负责外交部，普里蒂·帕特尔成为内政大臣。他的提名中还有另外两项主题：新内阁中都是支持脱欧的人士，以及那些在竞选中支持约翰逊的人。

The response in Europe to Mr Johnson’s victory was muted. Ursula von der Leyen, the president-elect of the European Commission, politely noted that he “faces challenging times”. Others were more direct. Guy Verhofstadt, who leads the liberal bloc in the European Parliament, called him “irresponsible”.
欧洲对约翰逊当选首相一事反应平淡。欧盟委员会候任主席乌苏拉·冯·德莱恩(Ursula von der Leyen)礼貌地指出，约翰逊正“面临着充满挑战的时代”。其他人则更为直接。欧洲议会自由派领导人伏思达称他“不负责任”。

In one of her first big decisions as she prepares to take over the presidency of the European Commission, Mrs von der Leyen decided to move Martin Selmayr, the eu’s most senior civil servant, to a new job running the EU’s operations in Austria. The demotion comes less than 18 months after his controversial appointment amid claims of cronyism.
在准备接任欧盟委员会主席之际，乌苏拉·冯·德莱恩做出的首批重大决定之一是将欧盟最高级公务员马丁·塞尔迈尔调往负责欧盟在奥地利业务的新职位。他在被降职不到18个月前，曾因任人唯亲而备受争议。

Ukraine’s parliamentary election was won by President Volodymyr Zelensky’s new Servant of the People party, which won the first overall majority in the country since the fall of communism. Mr Zelensky, a former comedian, called the snap poll after winning the presidency on an anti-corruption ticket in April.
乌克兰议会选举中，总统弗拉基米尔·泽伦斯基的新人民党(People party)成员赢得胜利，该党赢得了自共产主义垮台以来的首次全面多数席位。泽伦斯基曾是一名喜剧演员，今年4月凭借反腐口号当选总统后，他发起了这项临时投票。

Kenya’s finance minister, Henry Rotich, was arrested on corruption charges. He denies wrongdoing. The case has raised fears of political instability in Kenya as Mr Rotich is an ally of the deputy president, William Ruto, who plans to run for president in 2022. Mr Ruto’s supporters claim the police and prosecutors are using corruption charges to undermine his chances of winning office.
肯尼亚财政部长亨利·罗蒂奇因腐败指控被捕。他否认自己的罪行。此案引发了人们对肯尼亚政治不稳定的担忧，因为罗蒂奇是肯尼亚副总统威廉·鲁托(William Ruto)的盟友，鲁托计划在2022年竞选总统。鲁托的支持者声称，警方和检察官利用腐败指控来破坏他赢得总统的机会。

The health minister of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Oly Ilunga, resigned amid a dispute over Ebola. Mr Ilunga had resisted the introduction of an experimental vaccine that experts believe could have helped contain the current outbreak, in which about 2,500 people have been infected.
刚果民主共和国卫生部长奥利·伊伦加因埃博拉争议辞职。伊伦加曾拒绝引入一种实验性疫苗。专家们认为，这种疫苗可能有助于控制目前的疫情。

Iran seized a British tanker passing through the Strait of Hormuz, an important choke- point for international shipping. The capture of the tanker came two weeks after Britain seized an Iranian tanker allegedly bound for Syria.
伊朗扣押了一艘通过霍尔木兹海峡的英国油轮。霍尔木兹海峡是国际航运的一个重要咽喉。两周前，英国扣押了一艘据称开往叙利亚的伊朗油轮。