经济学人下载:美联储拟建实时支付系统(2)

Third, it worries that a single service will create a "single point of failure". Doubling up will make the whole system safer.
第三，它担心单一服务将创造一个“单点故障”。增倍将使整个系统更加安全。

Big banks told the Fed, in a recent consultation, not to bother.
在近期的一次咨询中，大银行告诉Fed不用担心。

Even by considering its own system, it was delaying the adoption of faster payments by more banks.
考虑到它自己的系统，它是在拖延更多银行采用更快的支付方式。

Randal Quarles, the Fed's vice-chair in charge of supervision, evidently agrees.
Fed负责监管的副主席兰德尔·夸尔斯显然同意。

When the five governors on the Fed's board voted to back FedNow, he was the sole dissenter.
当Fed董事会的5名董事投票支持FedNow时，他是唯一的反对者。

He said he saw no "strong justification for the Federal Reserve to…crowd out innovation when viable private-sector alternatives are available."
他表示自己没有看到“联邦储蓄...排挤创新的充分理由，更何况活跃的私营部门也有可行的替代方案。”

Smaller banks, which for years have been urging the Fed to build a system, are delighted to be promised a choice.
多年来一直渴望Fed建立一个系统的较小银行很高兴得到了一个选择的承诺。

"The private sector has a product but not the reach," says Cary Whaley of the Independent Community Bankers of America, a trade group.
“私营部门有产品，但没有影响力，”贸易组织美国独立社区银行家协会的卡里·沃利 表示。

"The public sector has all the reach but not yet the product."
“公共部门拥有足够的影响力，但还没有产品。”

(Most of America's 4,900 community banks have assets of less than $1bn; the country's biggest lenders weigh in at $2trn-plus.)
（美国4900家社区银行中，多数资产不足10亿美元；该国最大几家银行的市值超过2万亿美元。）

Aaron Klein of the Brookings Institution, a think-tank in Washington, argues that the Fed has not gone far enough.
华盛顿智囊团布鲁金斯学会的艾伦·克莱恩辩称Fed做得还不够。

Five years is too long to get its new system up and running, he says. Meanwhile, the banks will still be pulling in overdraft fees.
他表示，五年的时间对于建立并运营新系统而言太长了。与此同时，银行仍将收取透支费。

He adds that the Fed should also have obliged banks to let customers draw funds as soon as they are deposited.
他补充道，Fed也应该有责成银行，让客户在存款后立即提取资金。

Last month Chris Van Hollen, a Democratic congressman, and Senator Elizabeth Warren,
上个月，民主党议员克里斯·范霍伦以及2020民主党总统候选人之一

one of the Democratic candidates for the presidency in 2020,
参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦

introduced a bill that would amend the Expedited Funds Availability Act of 1987 to force banks to do just that.
提出一项议案，修订1987年的《加速资金到位法》以迫使银行这么做。

Time is money, goes the adage. That's even more true for struggling Americans than for rich ones.
俗话说，时间就是金钱。和富人相比，这对苦苦挣扎的美国人来说更是如此。