经济学人下载:太空行走第一人阿里克谢·列昂诺夫(2)

In the vacuum of space his space suit expanded, until he could not get back into the craft without bleeding it of oxygen. Moreover, in minutes, the craft's orbit would take it into total darkness. Training kicked in; he kept his nerve and at last, drenched in sweat, tumbled head-first back through the airlock. Then the craft's reentry went wrong. The guidance system failed and they had to steer manually, bumping down in a snowy forest 1,600km from the landing site.
在太空的真空中，列昂诺夫的太空服膨胀了，直到他要把氧气放出来才能回到飞船。还有，在几分钟内，飞船将驶入完全黑暗的轨道。这时候训练就发挥了作用，列昂诺夫保持冷静，最后他被汗水浸湿，头朝下从气闸回到飞船。然后飞船再入大气层时出了问题。导航系统失灵，他们不得不手动驾驶，在距离着陆点1600公里的一片积雪森林中颠簸而下。

They waited two nights to be rescued, wondering whether bears or wolves would get them first. Yet the elation did not leave him. Partly this was because the mishaps were officially hushed up, leaving only his triumph. And there were other reasons. First, he had survived. Astonishingly, he always did when danger felt his collar. His car flipped over on a frozen lake, and he didn't drown. In 1969 he got caught in a hail of bullets when he was riding in a motorcade behind Leonid Brezhnev, then Soviet leader; four passed through his coat, but not through him.
他们等了两个晚上才获救，不知道熊或者狼会不会先来把他们吃掉。然而他还是享有了这份兴奋。部分原因是这些不幸被官方掩盖了，只留下他的胜利。还有其他的原因。首先，他存活了下来。令人惊讶的是，他总是能化险为夷。列昂诺夫的汽车在冰冻的湖面上侧翻了，他没有被淹死。1969年，他跟在当时苏联领导人列昂尼德·勃列日涅夫后面的车队里，身中数弹，有四发子弹穿过他的大衣，但是没有穿过他。

In 1971 he was bumped from the Soyuz 11 flight to the Salyut 1 space station, and was furious, but the craft opened prematurely on reentry, and the crew died. The space-walk was another brush with annihilation from which he emerged, just about, in one piece. It had also affected him in a particular way. He had gone on this mission not just as a cosmonaut, but as an artist, self-taught from childhood, when he had painted pictures on the white stoves of his neighbours in the remote Siberian village where his parents farmed. A passion to be a fighter pilot, then a cosmonaut, diverted him from that, but he preserved his insatiable love of looking at things.
1971年，他所在的联盟号11号飞船撞到了礼炮1号空间站。撞击非常严重，但是飞船在重返大气层时被提前打开了，机组人员牺牲。太空行走是列昂诺夫的又一次与毁灭擦肩而过的经历，差不多完好无损。它也以一种特别的方式影响到列昂诺夫。他不仅是作为一个宇航员来执行这次任务，同时也是作为一名艺术家。列昂诺夫从孩童时开始自学成才。他父母亲是偏远的西伯利亚村庄的农民，那时他在邻居家白色的壁炉上画画。他志愿要成为一名战斗机飞行员，然后改成了宇航员，但是他保留了自己永不满足的观察事物的兴趣。