经济学人下载:气候变化:逃避(2)

Delegates in Madrid drew up guidelines for environmentally sound trading principles for this putative market.
在马德里的代表们为这个假定的市场制定了无害环境的贸易原则准则。

What they did not make clear was how all this would connect with what Kyoto had already achieved.
他们没有弄清楚的是，这一切将如何与《京都议定书》已经取得的成果联系起来。

The Kyoto version of carbon markets, the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM),
京都版本的碳市场，清洁发展机制（CDM）

let rich countries buy carbon credits from poor countries for carbon-capturing projects that offset their emissions at home.
让富国从穷国购买碳信用额，用于碳捕获项目，以抵消它们国内的碳排放。

Thousands of CDM projects were duly registered, but unknown numbers of credits were left unclaimed after their value crashed in 2012,
数千个CDM项目正式注册，但在2012年它们的价值暴跌后，数量不详的碳信用额无人认领，

because demand dried up as a result of rule changes within the EU.
因为欧盟内部规则改变导致需求枯竭。

Some of the main participants in the CDM, chiefly Brazil, want these credits transferred to the Paris scheme.
CDM的一些主要参与国，主要是巴西，希望将这些碳信用额转移到巴黎计划。

But doing so would flood that scheme with "hot air": credits that no longer correspond to real, future reductions in emissions.
但这么做会让那个项目充满“空话”：信用额不再与实际的未来减排相一致。

Done well, international carbon markets could accelerate emissions cuts
如果做得好，国际碳市场可以通过

by drawing in private funds and helping money to flow faster to the cheapest opportunities.
吸引私人资金和帮助资金更快地流向最廉价的机会来加速减排。

One analysis, by the Environmental Defence Fund, an advocacy group,
宣传小组，美国环保协会的一名分析师发现

found that they might, in theory, reduce the cost of meeting climate targets by between 59% and 79%, assuming most countries participated.
理论上讲，如果大部分国家参与其中，那么它们可能会将实现气候目标的成本降低59%到79%。

If financial gains were reinvested in further climate action, cumulative emissions cuts between 2020 and 2035
如果将经济获益再投资于进一步的气候行动，那么2020年到2035年间的累计减排

might be double those currently on the table in national pledges under the Paris agreement.
可能是目前各国根据《巴黎协定》所作承诺的两倍。

All this leaves a lot to do in 2020. Within the UN, technical work on carbon markets will resume in the new year, leading up to next year's meeting, in Glasgow.
所有这些都让2020年有很多事要做。在UN，碳市场的技术工作将于明年恢复，为明年在格拉斯哥举行的会议做准备。

Climate is also on the agenda at an EU-China summit scheduled for September.
气候问题也是9月份中欧峰会的议程之一。

During his presidency, Barack Obama was able to work with China's president, Xi Jinping,
巴拉克·奥巴马在任期间，他可以和中国国家主席习近平合作

and break the stalemate that had previously existed between the world's two largest emitters.
打破世界上两个最大的排放国之间已存在的僵局。

With America set to pull out of the Paris agreement in November, perhaps the European Union can step into the gap.
随着美国于11月退出巴黎协议，或许欧盟可以填补这一缺口。