VOA常速英语:Countering Improvised Explosive Devices(翻译)

Home-made bombs, known as Improvised Explosive Devices, or IEDs, are used by terrorists not only to attack opposition military forces, but also increasingly to harm civilian populations.As a world leader in clearing explosive hazards that threaten civilians, the United States is taking action to tackle these deadly devices in Iraq, Syria, Colombia, Afghanistan and elsewhere around the world.
自制炸弹，也被称之为简易爆炸装置（IEDs），不但被恐怖分子用来袭击反对派军事力量，也越来越多地被用来伤害平民。作为这个世界上清除威胁平民爆炸危险品的一个领导者，美国正在采取行动，清除在伊拉克、叙利亚、哥伦比亚、阿富汗、以及世界其他地方的这些致命装置。

According to the Landmine Monitor, an annual report by a non-governmental organization, “person-activated IEDs and improvised landmines caused 1,075 casualties in 2014 and 1,331 casualties in 2015.
据一家非政府组织出版的一份年度报告《Landmine Monitor》显示，“由人激活的简易爆炸装置和简易地雷分别在2014年和2015年造成了1075例和1331例伤亡。”

IEDs are a particular threat to both military personnel and civilians as they enter areas previously occupied by terrorists. For example, during the final months of the battle for Mosul, ISIS sowed the city streets with IEDs to prevent civilians from leaving. Later, as they retreated from the city, the terrorists set thousands of IEDs around critical infrastructure like power and water utilities, schools, and hospitals.
在军事人员和平民进入恐怖分子占领区的时候，简易爆炸装置对他们来说是一个特别的威胁。举例来说，在摩苏尔战役的最后几个月里，伊斯兰国组织在该城街道到处布置简易爆炸装置，从而阻止平民逃离。后来当他们撤离摩苏尔的时候，恐怖分子们又在类似电力、水利、学校和医院等重要基础设施附近布置了数千枚简易爆炸装置。

“Non-state armed groups such as ISIS and the Taliban often use IEDs to destabilize peace operations and terrorize civilian populations in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Syria,” writes Stephanie Pico, a Public Diplomacy Officer at the U.S. Department of State.
“诸如伊斯兰国和塔利班等非国家武装集团经常使用简易爆炸装置来破坏和平行动，恐吓伊拉克、叙利亚和阿富汗的平民，”美国国务院公共外交官员斯蒂芬妮·比科如是写道。

“ISIS also has deliberately placed IEDs before retreating from an area with the intent of prolonging insecurity, inflicting additional casualties on communities struggling to recover, and delaying economic redevelopment in liberated communities long after direct ISIS-instigated hostilities in those areas cease.”
“为了达到延长不安全感的目的，伊斯兰国组织在从一个地方撤退的时候也会故意设置简易爆炸装置，对那些努力恢复的社区造成更多的伤亡，使得那些伊斯兰国组织占领区在被解放很久之后，经济仍然不能重建。”

The United States is the world leader in conventional weapons destruction, including humanitarian demining, having invested over 2.8 billion dollars in projects in more than 100 countries since 1993.
美国是这个世界上销毁常规武器的领导者，包括人道主义排雷，自从1993年以来美国已经在100多个国家的项目中投资了超过28亿美元。

In addition to humanitarian demining the United States Counter-IED efforts work to disrupt networks that use IEDs, and train the forces fighting those networks to identify IEDs and protect against them.
除了人道主义排雷以外，美国还设立了“反简易爆炸装置”行动来打击使用简易爆炸装置的网络，训练军队打击这些网络，从而找出简易爆炸装置并保护自己不受伤害。

“Counter-IED differs from humanitarian demining in that it focuses on deterring, detecting, and preventing IED employment before threats become imminent,” writes Stephanie Pico.
“反简易爆炸装置行动和人道主义排雷的不同之处在于，前者注重在简易爆炸装置还没有形成有效威胁之前，就探测和阻止对简易爆炸装置的使用，” 斯蒂芬妮如是写道。

Working with our allies and the international community, she writes, the United States will continue to develop strategies to address the IED threat to prevent IED users from carrying out their nefarious plans and achieve peace and security.
她写道，与我们的盟友和国际社会一起合作，美国将继续研究策略来解决简易爆炸装置的威胁，阻止使用简易爆炸装置的人们进行他们邪恶的计划，并实现和平与安全。