VOA常速英语:对网络的依赖导致黑客的攻击

From the power grid, to major corporations, no one anywhere in the world is immune to cyberattacks, and the problem is growing.
从电网到大型企业，乃至世界上所有角落，任何人都无法避免网络攻击的影响。而如今，这一问题正在不断升温。

“The internet is becoming more and more integrated into our lives every single day, and we as citizens and we as corporations and governments are becoming more interconnected and using the internet as part of that backbone of communication and collaboration.This means that there’s increased attack surface for those who wish to be malicious.”
“互联网每一天都在不断融入我们的生活，而我们作为公民、公司和政府，彼此之间的联系越来越密切，因此我们也将互联网作为一部分交流与合作的基础。而这就意味着，我们向心怀不轨的人又暴露了更多的攻击面。”

More independence and digital information on the web means greater financial gain for criminals.In the last year, there has been an increase in cases of ransomware.
网络上自主性越大，数字信息越多，给犯罪分子带来的经济利益也就越大。去年，利用勒索软件进行犯罪行径的案件不断增加。

“It’s becoming easier and easier in part because the tool kits needed to break into many of these systems are becoming more readily accessible on the dark web.”
“犯罪如今变得越来越容易，一部分是因为黑客入侵许多系统时所需要的工具包在暗网上都随处可得。”

Tracking down the criminals is not easy.
而想要跟踪这些罪犯却并不是一件容易的事。

“We do think that reporting cyber intrusions is underreported to law enforcement, whether it’s the FBI, Secret Service or another entity.I think it’s a business decision. They’re concerned about the publicity.”
“我们认为，针对一系列网络入侵事件，相关人员向执法部门有漏报的嫌疑，无论是联邦调查局、特务局还是其他机关均未收到全部报告。我觉得这可能也是一个商业决策。他们担心这些事情被公开。”

Federal and state laws on reporting breaches are vague.
联邦法律和各州法规关于违规行为的报告同样都很模糊。

Much of what happens in the case of businesses is they don’t necessarily know what information has been disclosed,and they sort of, perhaps intentionally, lay a blind eye to that to say,Well, we don’t know that personal identifiable information has been disclosed, all that we know is someone got into our system,’"
“企业出现类似的案例时，大部分时候他们不一定知道自己被泄露了什么信息，而且他们有点，可能就是故意视而不见，然后告诉大家，‘我们不知道个人识别资料已经被泄露。目前我们所了解的只是有人入侵我们的系统了。’”

The FBI says that people doing the hacking range from criminals who want money to hackers with geopolitical motivations.
联邦调查局表示，上到有地缘政治动机的黑客，下到只是想要谋取钱财的不法分子，都有可能是非法入侵他人电脑系统的人。

“Clearly there are nation states that are involved in the cyber activity who are interested in stealing our trade secrets,our proprietary information that our companies are developing, our secrets within our government.”
“很显然，有一些国家就在涉足这类网络活动，意图窃取我国许多公司的商业机密和正在开发的专有信息，以及政府内部的秘密。”

“Most cyberattacks require multiple weaknesses or vulnerabilities of some form in order to be able to reach the final goal of the attacker.One of the greatest weaknesses of any corporate network is the human element.”
“大多数的网络攻击需要某种形式的多个弱点或漏洞，以达到攻击者的最终目标。任何企业网络的最大弱点之一就是人的因素。”

So it’s not a matter of if an attack will happen, but when.
所以现在的问题不是网络攻击是否会发生，而是什么时候发生。

The FBI says building partnerships is critical. So there can be a plan before an attack occurs.
联邦调查局表示，建立伙伴关系十分重要。因此在这种事情发生之前就应该想好应对计划。

Another way to prepare is to rethink how systems on the web are designed.
另一个准备的方法就是重新思考如何设计网络上的系统。

Understand that individuals are going to get in, but make sure that the structures of the systems are designed to contain the damage that can occur.”
“要做好有人会入侵系统的准备，同时也要确保自己设计的系统结构包含了可能发生的损害。”

So when one part of a system is compromised, the entire system is not affected and can still be operational.
这样一来，当系统的一部分受到损害时，整个系统不会受到影响，而且还会保持正常运行。

Elizabeth Lee, VOA news, Los Angeles.
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