VOA常速英语:Interview with Fauci

My first question is about the correlation between the ongoing mass protests and the possibility of a new spike,because it became public that members of the DC National Guard have already tested positive for COVID.From your point of view,are these cases only the beginning of possible mass outbreaks?
我的第一个问题是关于持续不断的大规模黑人抗议和第二轮新冠肺炎高峰之间的联系，因为结果表明，一些华盛顿特区的国民警卫队新冠检测已经出现了阳性。从你的角度来看，这些病例会不会仅仅是大规模爆发的开端？
Well, I think we have to be careful because we dont know how its actually going to turn out.But as I have been saying for some time,gathering in crowds is a risk and gathering in crowds without a mask is an even bigger risk.And when you have demonstrations, even though you can understand the reasonand the need to exercise your constitutional rightto demonstrate something that you feel strongly about, my recommendation has always been that, one has to be really careful to avoid crowded places. If you do it, which I dont recommend you do,but if you do,you make sure you wear a mask and keep a mask on all the time.
我觉得还是要谨慎，因为我们不知道结果会怎样。但是，我以前也说到了，聚集在人群中是一种风险，而在不带口罩聚集在人群中就是更大的风险。当你游行的时候，就算你可以了解其中的原因，即便你认为你必须履行一些宪法赋予你的权力，将你心中的强烈感受表达出来，我的建议依然是保持谨慎，远离人群。我非常不赞成聚集，但你如果非要这么做，我是说如果你非要去聚集，必须戴口罩，而且不能摘下来。
But in answer to your question,obviously there is a risk when people congregate in a very crowded way,particularly if theyre shouting or chanting.There is a risk that there will be spread of infection leading to a surge of new infections.And thats one of the things were keeping an eye out on.And it was very disturbing to see that some of the actual National Guardwho were there actually were infected, which means that theres the possibility,maybe a likelihood that they would have infected other people or were infected from other people.
不过，现在来回答一下你的问题，很明显，较多人群聚集的地方肯定会有风险，尤其是当他们在叫喊或念口号的时候。然后，病毒的蔓延就有可能导致新的感染激增。这是我们一直关注的事情之一。现在比较担心的就是，特区的国民警卫队中，也出现了一些感染病例，所以确实有第二轮疫情高峰的可能性。可能他们会传染给其他人，或是被其他人传染的。
But it appears that the vast majority of protesters are actually wearing masks.That is the good news.But there is still controversial information about the efficiency of masksand moreover, what kind of mask is better for protection.What is your recommendation concerning this issue?
但看来绝大多数游行者还是带了口罩的。这是个好消息。但是关于口罩的功效仍然有争议同时人们也不确定到底哪种口罩防护能力更好。你对这个问题有什么建议？
I think one can say that wearing a mask is always better than not wearing a mask.It may not be 100 percent protective,but it certainly affords some degree of protection from you,from getting infected from someone else.And if you are infected,even if youre without symptoms,it would protect someone else from getting infected.Your normal cloth covering would be fine.Surgical masks are fine. Theres no need to get an N- 95 mask. We should save that for the health care providers who need it because they put themselves in constant risk by taking care of active patients.
首先，戴了总比不戴好。虽然口罩不能保证100%有效，但肯定能提供一定程度的保护，让一些人免受感染。如果你被感染了，即使你没有症状，口罩也能防止你传染给别人。一些普通的衣物布料也可以。外科口罩也可以。倒也没有必要一定去买到N95的口罩。N95的口罩应该留给有需要的医护人员，因为他们照顾的是感染病人，自己长期处于高风险的环境中。
Another issue is about the states which have started reopening, lets say.In 19 states there are new? outbreaks after Memorial Day.From your point of view,does that mean that and are we starting reopening too sharply?Maybe we have to slow down a little bit?
另一个问题是那些已经开始重启的州。阵亡将士纪念日之后，19个州爆发了新的疫情。从你的角度来看，这是否意味着，他们重启的太快了？也许我们得慢一点？
Well, I think you have to be careful not to categorize the entire United States in a unique dimensional way.Its a very big country and different states, regions, cities, towns and counties have different levels of infectious activity.If you are in a county or an area that has very little infection,you can feel comfortable in going and trying to normalize and diminish mitigation.If you happen to be in an area where there is still very active infection,it would not be wise to try and rapidly get to decreasing the mitigation.So I think you cant say one size fits all.You have to look at where in the United States you are.If youre in a high impact area, youve got to really be careful.If youre in a low infection area you could be a little bit more brisk in returning to normal.
在讨论这个问题的时候还是应该严谨一点，不能用单一的角度一概而论。美国是一个很大的国家，有很多州，区，市，镇和县他们的感染程度是不一样的。如果你所在的县或者地区感染病例很少，你可以放心走动，然后可以尝试一些正常化的生活，放宽管制。如果你碰巧在一个感染病例很多的地方，立刻放松限制不是一个明智之举。所以确实不能一概而论。你得看看你住在美国具体什么地方。如果你在高风险地区，你要非常小心、如果你是在一个低风险地区，你可能会更快地恢复到正常生活中。
And the same can be said about the school reopening as well? It depends on the state?
所以重开学校也是一样吗？也要取决于各个州的情况？
Absolutely, its exactly the same.There are some counties and regions in this country where it would be okay to open schools.There are others where you might not want to open them at all.And there are others.We want to do something in between,like maybe open them, but modify the schedule,morning classes for some, afternoon classes for others, things like that.
当然，完全一样。有一些县和地区的学校可以开学。还有一些地区你可能根本就不敢去上学。也有一些其他的情况。我们想采取一些中和的措施，比如可以开学，但是课程规划要调整，，一些同学早上上课，一些同学下午上课，诸如此类。
Talking about the possibility of the second wave, the chances are unclear.But still people are scared of its possibility.What is your prediction?And if it happens how can we be more prepared for it?
谈到第二波疫情的可能性，现在情况还不明朗。但人们仍然害怕这种有可能性。你的预测是什么？如果发生这种情况，我们如何才能更好地做好准备呢？
Well, its impossible to predict with any degree of certainty whats going to happen.The one thing we do know will happen is that there will be infections in the fall and in the winter.We know that because this virus is so transmissible,its not going to spontaneously disappear from the planet.Well have it whether or not we have a second wave in the fall.Were totally dependent upon our ability and our effectivenessto be able to identify, isolate and contact trace these new cases.If we do that effectively,we can prevent a second wave.It is not inevitable that were going to have a second wave.We can prevent it if we do the right thing.
预测疫情的发展是不太可能的，更别说肯定地预测了。不过有一点是可以肯定的，秋冬季肯定会有新的感染病例出现。我们知道，因为这种病毒太容易传播了，所以肯定不会自发地从地球上消失。不管秋天有没有第二波疫情，我们都会在美国看到新的病例。情况如何完全取决于我们的能力和效率，要能迅速识别、隔离和追踪新的病例。如果我们效率够高，我们就可以防止第二波疫情。第二波疫情也不是不可避免的。只要我们采取了正确的措施，就可以避免。