VOA常速英语:US Republican Party History

The Republican party is known for favoring a smaller federal government as well as conservative social policies,
共和党以支持规模较小的联邦政府以及保守的社会政策而闻名，
however this was not always the case.
然而，情况并不总是如此。
The party was founded in 1854 by northerners who wanted a stronger federal government,
该党成立于1854年，是北方人建立的，他们想要一个更强大的联邦政府，
and who opposed the expansion of slavery in western states.
反对在西部各州扩大奴隶制。
The partys second ever candidate for president Abraham Lincoln wins the presidency in 1860
共和党有史以来第二位总统候选人亚伯拉罕·林肯于1860年当选总统
and goes on to preserve the union and abolish slavery.
继续维护联邦，废除奴隶制。
Following the norths win of the civil war,
在北方赢得内战之后，
the Republican party dominates the nations politics for the next 70 years.
在接下来的70年里，共和党在国家政治中占据主导地位。
During this time the party champions an expansion of federal power.
在此期间，该党主张扩大联邦权力。
Party leaders also back the 15th Amendment guaranteeing the vote for African-American men.
政党领导人也支持第15条修正案，保证非洲裔美国人的选票。
The partys dominance comes crashing down with the great depression.
该党的统治地位随着大萧条而瓦解。
Democrats blame the economic collapse on republican pro-business policies.
民主党人将经济崩溃归咎于共和党的亲商政策。
Over the next 50 years,
在接下来的50年里，
democrats mostly control national politics with only one republican president gaining power.
民主党人大多控制着国家政治，只有一位共和党总统获得了权力。
republicans develop a conservative response to the democrats expansion of the federal government
共和党人对民主党扩大联邦政府做出了保守的反应。
that started during the great depression.
这始于大萧条时期。
The changing policies of the parties leads to a demographic switch
各党派不断变化的政策导致了人口结构的转变。
with many African-Americans moving to the democratic party
许多非裔美国人转向民主党
and many southern whites switching to the republican party.
许多南方白人转向共和党。
In the 1980s president Ronald Reagan wins over a large majority of the country with his policies.
上世纪80年代，罗纳德·里根总统凭借他的政策赢得了美国的绝大多数选票。
In recent decades democrats and republicans trade control over the presidency.
近几十年来，民主党人和共和党人交换了对总统职位的控制权。
Recent republican presidents George W Bush and Donald Trump champion an even smaller role
最近的共和党总统乔治·W·布什和唐纳德·特朗普为联邦政府争取一个更小的角色
for the federal government and move further right on social policies.
在社会政策上更进一步。