got和gotten的区别
got和gotten的区别
有读者朋友在答疑问中心问(www.hxen.net/GuestBook/Guest_Reply.asp?TopicID=1498):got和gotten有何区别?现简答如下:
■简单地说:got 和 gotten 都是 get 的过去分词,但 got 主要用于英国英语,gotten 主要用于美国英语(而且主要见于口语或非正式文体,在书面语和正式语言中人们仍倾向于用 got 作过去分词)。
■have got 和 have gotten 在意义上有两种可能:一是构成动词 get 的完成式(现在完成时、过去完成时以及情态动词后接的完成式),二是表示“有”“拥有”之类的意思。
1. 用于get的完成式用法
△从他的角度来看,他本应得到这份工作。
英:From his standpoint, he should have got the job.
美:From his standpoint, he should have gotten the job.
△他们一定是迷路了,否则现在他们应该到了。
英:They must have got lost or they’d be here by now.
美:They must have gotten lost or they’d be here by now.
△如果今天早上我起来早一点,我可能不会迟到。
英:If I had got up earlier this morning, I might not have been late.
美:If I had gotten up earlier this morning, I might not have been late.
2. 表示“有”“拥有”等的用法:
(1) 表示“有”“拥有”:
△我身上没有钱。
英:I have (got) no money with me / on me.
美:I have (gotten) no money with me / on me.
△真幸运,汤姆有一辆汽车。
英:It’s lucky that Tom has (got) a car.
美:It’s lucky that Tom has (gotten) a car.
(2) 表示“有…要(做)”“必须(做)”:
△今晚我有很多事要做。
英:I have (got) a lot of things to do tonight.
美:I have (gotten) a lot of things to do tonight.
(3)(用于代替 there is, 表示某事物存在或发生了某事):
△有两位房客和他同住。
英:He has (got) two tenants living with him.
美:He has (gotten) two tenants living with him.
■表示“获得”“使役”时,仍是英国英语用 got,美国英语用 gotten。用 got 的例子就不说了,因为这样的用法,书上到处都是。下面举两个美国英语用 gotten 的例子:
From his standpoint, he should have gotten the job. 从他的角度来看,他本应获得这份工作的。——摘自《美国传统英汉双解学习词典》
He used his credit card too freely and has gotten himself into a fix with high payments. 他的信用卡用的太随意了,结果自己陷入了要支付高额款项地困境。——摘自《当代美国英语学习词典》