英语分词可用作哪些状语

英语分词可用作哪些状语

一、时间状语

Hearing the news, he jumped for joy. 听了这消息时高兴得跳了起来。

Asked who he was, he made no reply. 当问到他是谁时，他没作回答。

上面两句中的分词短语均用作时间状语，均可改为时间状语从句，其中现在分词短语hearing the news相当于when he heard the news，过去分词短语asked who he was相当于when he was asked who he was。

二、原因状语

Being sick I stayed at home. 我因病呆在家中。

Much discouraged，she moved on to London. 她很沮丧，搬到了伦敦。

两句中的分词短语均用作原因状语，其中现在分词短语being sick相当于as he was sick，过去分词短语much discourage相当于as she was discouraged。

三、条件状语

Working hard, you will succeed. 如果努力工作，你就可以成功。

Compared with you, I still have a long way to go. 跟你比较起来，我还差得很远呢。

两句中的分词短语均用作条件状语，其中第一句中的现在分词短语working hard相当于if you work hard，第二句中的compared with you相当于if I was compared with you。

四、让步状语

Although living miles away, he never came late. 虽然住在几英里以外，他从未迟到。

Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。

两句中的分词短短语均表示让步，含有“虽然”“尽管”之意，其中第一句中的although living miles away相当于although he lived miles away；第二句中的defeated相当于though he was defeated。

五、方式状语

He made a lot of money selling waste materials. 他靠卖废料赚了不少钱。

I’m returning you letter as requested. 我按要求给你退信。

第一句中的现在分词短语selling waste materials表示方式，相当于by selling waste materials；第二句的as requested也表示方式，相当于as it is required。

六、伴随状语

He was lying on the sofa watching TV. 他躺在沙发上看电视。

He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。

两句中的分词短语均表示伴随，第一句中的watching TV伴随谓语动作was lying同时进行；第二句中的followed by his wife伴随谓语动作came in同时发生。

七、结果状语

I fell, striking my head against the door. 我摔倒在地，头撞到门上。

He died, leaving his wife with five children. 他死了，留下他妻子和五个孩子。

两句中的striking my head against the door和leaving his wife with five children均为结果状语，分别表示“摔倒”和“死”所带来的结果。