英语过去分词若干疑难问题综合分析

【第三组】

1. Set up more than one hundred years ago, this school is very famous in the city. 这所学校成立于100多年前，在本市很有名。

2. Being watched by so many people then, she felt very nervous at the stage. 当时由于那么多人在观看她，所以她在台上很紧张。

用在句首作状语时，“过去分词”表示“被动和完成”；而“现在分词的被动式”表示“被动和进行”。

【第四组】

1. Tired out after a long walk, they had to stop at the foot of the mountain for a rest.

2. Being tired out after a long walk, they had to stop at the foot of the mountain for a rest.

作状语时，分词表示“状态”而不是“动作”的情况下，“过去分词”和“现在分词的被动式”都可以用，意思几乎没有差别。又如：

Satisfied (=Being satisfied) with his experiment, the professor went out of his office merrily.

Seated (=Being seated) around the table, we listened to the chairman attentively.

Unemployed (=Being unemployed), he hasn’t got much money.

Well taken care of (=Being well taken care of), she recovered quickly.

【第五组】

1. Compared with them, we still have a long way to go. 和他们相比，我们还有很长的路要走。

2. Having been shown around the library, we were taken to the lab. 带着参观了图书馆后，我们又被带去参观实验室。

过去分词 Compared with them 作条件状语，与句子谓语动词发生的时间没有先后之分，或者先后时间不明确。句1相当于If we are compared with them, we still have a long way to go. 而“现在分词的完成被动式”Having been shown the library 一定早于句子谓语动词发生的时间，句2相当于After we had been shown around the library, we were taken to the lab. 一般来讲，只要动作早于谓语动词发生的时间，而且又是被动意义，就应使用“现在分词的完成被动式”。又如：

Having been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog up. 邮递员被狗咬了两次之后要我们把狗拴起来，不然就不给我们送信了。

Having been asked to stay, I couldn’t very well leave. 既然要我留下，我就不好走了。

句中的having been asked to stay有两层意思：一是“要我留下”在先，“我不好离开”在后，这就是使用现在分词完成式的原因；二是“我”与“要求”之间为被动关系，即“我”是“被”要求留下的，而不是我自动留下的，说明这里应该使用被动式。