英语过去分词若干疑难问题综合分析
四、“have + sth. +过去分词”都是“让别人做某事”吗?
该结构中的过去分词用作宾语补足语,其中have是使役动词。一直以来,我们教给学生说:have sth. done 这个句型,意思是“让别人做某事”。现在,课本有个句子When do the students have to have their poems completed? 这个句子是不是说“学生要让别人帮他们完成诗歌”?根据现实和语境,这是不可能的事情,因为我们反对学生让别人代笔。
这句话的意思应当是:“学生什么时候必须写完他们的诗歌?”显然是“自己写诗歌”,不是替人捉刀。have sth. done 不一定都是“让别人做某事”,有时候是主语自己去做,这要具体情况具体分析。这个句型主要有4种含义,现分别举例如下:
(1) 表示主语主动让别人或者只能让别人做的事情:
When did you have your hair cut? 你什么时间理的发?
Later, Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to the palace outside St Petersburg. 后来,凯瑟琳二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡以外的宫殿。
We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修理了机器。
Can I have this parcel weighed here? 我可以在这儿称一下这个包裹吗?
I want to have my daughter educated in England. 我想让我女儿在英国受教育。
(2) 表示主语遭遇到不愿意发生的事情:
She had her hands burnt when she was cooking supper. 做晚饭时,她的手被烫伤了。
Tom had his pocket picked in the supermarket. 在超市里汤姆的口袋被小偷光顾了。
John had his arm broken. 约翰的手臂摔断了。
He had his window broken to pieces. 他的窗户给打破了。
(3) 表示主语自己做,而不是让别人做的事情:
After they had their homework finished, the children went out to play. 完成了作业之后,孩子们出去玩耍。
Have your medicine taken three times a day. Don’t forget it. 一日三次服药,别忘了。
We now have the problem solved. 我们现已把这个问题解决了。
I’ve had all my mistakes corrected. 我已把所有的错误都改正过来了。
(4) 表示容忍或允许某人做某事,多用于否定句,尤与 won’t, can’t连用:
I won’t have anything said against her. 我不允许谁说她的坏话。
I refuse to have my house used as a hotel. 我不愿意让我的家给弄得像旅馆似的。
The old lady couldn’t have her room filled with a noisy crowd. 老太太不愿意让她的房间挤满嘈杂的人群。