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英语过去分词若干疑难问题综合分析

2017-03-01来源:和谐英语

 

 

五、have sth. done——上海一道高考难题的启示

曾几何时,上海的高考英语试题中,突然出现了这样一道考查语法的题目:

Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ________went wrong again.

A. it        B. it repaired  C. repaired     D. to be repaired

此题正确答案选C。许多考生因不能正确分析句子结构,不知如何下笔。现分析如下:句中to see后的主要结构是:the washing machine went wrong again. (洗衣机又出毛病了)。其中,she had had repaired前省略了that,套用的句型是“have + 名词 + 过去分词”,即 have the washing machine repaired。另外,从时间上看,“请人修洗衣机”应在“出故障”之前,故 have the washing machine repaired 用了过去完成时态,即用 had had the washing machine repaired;从修饰角度看,题目中she had had repaired 为修饰名词 the washing machine 的定语从句(意为“她曾请人修理过的洗衣机”),引导该定语从句的关系代词为 that,因其用作宾语被省略。也正因为如此,题目中的 she had had repaired 的第二个had 后,不能用 the washing machine 或 it,这也就是为什么不能选B的原因。

如果有的考生还不明白,我们可以从反面来分析一下:假若选B,则有 (that) she had had it repaired,而它作为修饰 the washing machine 的定语从句是有问题的,为什么有问题呢?那是因为 she had had it repaired 这个句子的结构(或句子成分)是完整的,它有主语、有谓语、有宾语和宾补,这样一来,引导这个定语从句的关系代词 that 就没有着落了,因为关系代词 that 要么作主语(不可省略),要么作宾语(可以省略),而 she had had it repaired 这个定语从句既不缺主语,也不缺宾语,所以错了。假若去掉其中的 it,即改选C则对了。因为这样一来,that 可用作动词 repaired 的宾语。现在我们将此题的题干改编一下,而选项保持不变。现将其改为:

Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had ________went wrong again.

A. it        B. it repaired  C. repaired     D. to be repaired

答案应选哪个呢?选B还是C?仍然要选C,但是意思变了,即“她自己修理过的洗衣机又出故障了”,因为此时修饰 the washing machine 的定语从句变成了 she had repaired。不能选B,道理同上。

请比较下面一题:

A computer does only what people ________.

A. have it do   B. have it done       C. have done it      D. have done

答案选A,选项中的 it 指的是 the computer,而不是指 the work 之类的。其中的 what 用作动词 do 的宾语。句意为“计算机只能做人们让它做的事情。”