重点中学英语语法讲义-介词

8. 介词短语作介词宾语

Choose a book from among these. 从这些书中选一本吧。

I saw her from across the street. 我从街的对面望见了她。

He has known her since before the war. 自战前开始他就认识她。

We’ve decided to go on foot instead of by bus. 我们决定步行去而不乘车去。

注：通常可后接介词短语作宾语的介词是 from, till, until, since, except, instead of 等。比较：

I took it from the bed. 我从床那儿(或床上)拿的。

I took it from under the bed. 我从床下拿的。

He didn’t arrive there till [until] midnight. 直到半夜他才到达那儿。

He didn’t arrive there till [until] after midnight. 半夜过后他才到达那儿。

9. 复合结构用作介词宾语

She had no objection to Mary marrying him. 她不反对玛丽与他结婚。

She came in with a book in her hand. 她手里拿着一本书走了进来。

All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。

三、介词短语的句法功能

1. 表语

He was with a friend. 他和一个朋友在一起。

Health is above wealth. 健康胜过财富。

This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。

注：有些介词(如because of)引出的短语通常只用作状语，不用作表语：

误：His absence is because of the rain.

正：His absence is due to the rain. 他因雨未来。

但是，若主语是代词(不是名词)，because of 引出的短语可用作表语：

It is because of hard work. 那是因为辛苦工作的原因。

2. 状语

Don’t touch it with your hands. 别用手去摸它。

Did you do this by design or by accident? 你这样做是有意的还是无意的？

3. 定语

This is his reply to your letter. 这是他给你的回信。

This is the best way of doing it. 这是做此事最好的方法。

My love for you is deeper than the sea. 我对你的爱比海深。

4. 宾语补足语

I found everything in good condition. 我发现一切正常。

Her illness kept her in bed for a week. 她因生病在床上躺了一星期。

注：用作宾语补足语的介词短语在相应的被动语态中则为主语补足语：

He was regarded as a hero. 他被看成是英雄。

5. 宾语

A man stepped out from behind the wall. 一个人从墙后走出来。

He cannot spare any time except on Sunday. 除星期日外，他抽不出时间。

I won’t go home until after the exam. 我要等考完后再回家。

参见前面“介词短语用作介词宾语”一节。

6. 主语

Between 6 and 7 suits me. 六点到七点对我比较适合。

After the exams is the time to relax. 考试后是轻松一下的时间。

注：介词短语通常不用作主语，尽管有时也像上面这样用作主语，但通常可视为是在一定的上下文中有所省略：

“When are we going to have the next meeting?” “On Tuesday may be convenient.” “我们下次什么时候见面？”“星期二可能比较方便。”

此句中on Tuesday 虽用作主语，但可视为是其前省略了meeting一词，即：

Meeting during the vacation may be convenient.(www.hxen.net)

四、介词的省略

1. 介词on的省略。表示星期、日期等的时间的介词on有时可省略：

I’ll arrive (on) Friday. 我将星期五到。

ISee you (on) June 21st. 6月21日见吧。

2. 介词for的省略

(1) 表示一段时间或距离前的介词有时可省略：

I lived there (for) ten years. 我在那儿住了10年。

They walked (for) fifty miles. 他们走了50英里。

但在否定句中或用于句首时，介词for通常不能省略：

For ten years he lived here. 他在这里住过10年。

We have not heard from him for a long time. 我们很久没收到他的来信了。