内部讲义:常考词的语法与用法(10)
3. 用于 may [might] (just) as well……,意为“不妨”、“还是……为好”等,用 might 比用 may 语气更委婉。如:
We may [might] (just) walk there. 我们不妨步行去。
There’s nothing to do, so I may [might] as well go tobed. 既然没什么事可做,我还是去睡觉为好。
注:might as well 还可用于指过去的情况或用于比较两个令人不愉快的情况。如:
Now that they were all there she might as well speak hermind. 由于大家都在,她不妨把自己的想法都说出来。
This holiday isn’t much fun; we might as well be backhome. 这个假日过得真没意思,我们还不如呆在家里。
4. 正式场合或书面语中,may 可用来表示祝愿。如:
May you be happy! 祝你幸福!
May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你!
◆mean v.
1. 表示“打算”,主语只能是人,其后可接不定式,但不接动名词。如:
What do you mean to do with it? 你打算怎样处理它?
He did not mean to hurt you. 他不是有意要伤害你。
注:若表示过去未曾实现的打算,即表示本来打算做但并未做成的事,通常用过去完成时,有时在不引起误解的情况下也可用一般过去时。如:
We had meant to be early, but we got up too late. 我们本来想早点来的,但起床起迟了。
I (had) meant to call on you, but I was so busy. 我本想来看你的,但是我太忙了。
以上意思有时也用“meant to have+过去分词”来表示。如:
I meant to have told you about it yesterday. /I had meantto tell you about it yesterday. 我本来打算昨天把这事告诉你的。
2. 表示“意味着”、“需要”等,句子主语一般是事物(有时也可用 it, this, that 等),其后可接动名词,但不接不定式。如:
This illness will mean going to hospital. 得了这种病就意味着要住院。
比较并体会以下句子:
If we mean to catch the early bus, that means getting upbefore five. 要想赶早班车,我们就得在五点钟以前起床。
3. 表示“有意义”、“有价值”,通常与 much, little, a lot, a great deal, nothing, everything, anyting 等词连用。如:
Money means nothing to me. 钱对我来说是无所谓的。
You don’t know how much you mean to me. 你不知道我多么喜欢你。
◆means n.
用作名词,主要表示“方式”、“方法”、“手段”等,使用时注意以下几点:
1. 单复数同形(永远有词尾-s)。若用作主语,其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。如:
All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的办法都已经试过了。
Every possible means has been tried. 每种可能的办法都已经试过了。
有时用作主语其单复数意思不明,则谓语可用单数或复数。如:
Is [Are] there any other means of doing it? 做这事还有其它的什么办法吗?
2. 表示做某事的方法,其后通常接“of+(动)名词”。如:
There is no means of finding out what happened. 无法弄清发生了什么事情。
Taking a plane is the quickest means of getting there. 去那儿最快的办法是坐飞机。
注:有时也可后接不定式,但不如接 of doing sth 常见。另外有时也可后接 for doing sth, 也不如用 of doing sth 常见。
3. 表示以某种方式、方法或手段,通常用介词 by。如:
This money wasn’t earned by honest means. 这笔钱不是通过正当手段得来的(=这笔钱来路不正)。
He explained to us the means by which he persuaded herto come. 他给我们说明了他是如何说服她来的。
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