内部讲义:常考词的语法与用法(15)
内部讲义:常考词的语法与用法(15
◆swim v. & n.
1. 用作动词,表示“游泳”,通常为不及物动词;但若表示“使(某人)游过”、“游(一段距离)”、“参加(游泳比赛)”等,则可以是及物动词。如:
Some snakes can swim. 有些蛇会游泳。
He swam (across) the river. 他游过了这条河。
She swam the 100 metres race faster than anyone else. 她游
2. 用作名词,表示“游泳”,通常指的是“一次游泳”或指“游泳的一次时间”等,因此它是可数名词。如:
Let’s go for a swim. 我们去游泳吧。
I only had two swims last year. 去年我游泳两次。
注:名词 swim 通常只表示具体意义的一次游泳或游泳的一段距离等,但并不表示泛指意义的游泳,表示后者要用 swimming。如:
游泳有很好的锻炼。
正:Swimming is very good exercise.
正:Swim is very good exercise.
◆table n.
比较 at table 与 at the (a) table:前者(无冠词) 表示的是与桌子有关的一项活动,即“吃饭”;而后者(用冠词)通常只是客观地表示“在桌子旁”(不一定是吃饭)。如:
He never talks at table. 他吃饭时从不讲话。
They were at table when I called. 我来访时,他们在吃饭。
I saw her writing at the table. 我发现她在旁边写字。
注:在美国英语中有时也可用 at the table 表示“在吃饭”这一意思。再比较:
sit down at [to] table 坐下用餐
sit down at the [a] table 在桌子旁坐下
◆take v.
1. 表示“拿去”、“带去”等,与 bring(拿来)方向相反。如:
Please take the empty cup away and bring me a cup of tea. 请把这个空杯拿走,给我倒杯茶来。
有时可带双宾语。如:
Please take him a cup of tea. /Please take a cup of tea to him. 请给他端杯茶去。
注:有时表示“拿去”可能与方向无关。如:
He took the box to the farm. 他把那个箱子带到了农场。
2. 表示“搭乘(交通工具)”,比较:
他决定乘出租车去火车站。
正:He decided to take a taxi to the railway station.
正:He decided to go to the railway station by taxi.
3. 表示“认为”或“当作”,通常与 for, to be, as 连用。如:
He took me for my brother. 他错把我当成是我兄弟。
I took him for an honest man [to be honest]. 我看他为人老实。
注:按传统说法,take……for 往往指不合事实地“误认为”,而 take……to be [as] 则可能指正确地也可能指不正确地“认为”;但现代英语已不完全遵循此规则。
4. 表示“花费”,主要用于时间,比较以下句型:
他写这本书花了五年时间。
正:It took him five years to write the book.
正:It took five years for him to write the book.
正:The book took him five years to write.
正:He took five years to write the book.
正:He took five years writing the book.
注:以上各句均可说,但以第一句最为普通。
在现代英语中 take 有时可用于金钱。如:
It takes a lot of money to buy a house. 买一所房子要花一
◆task n.
用作名词,表示“工作”、“任务”、“苦差事”等,是可数名词,不要受 work(工作)的影响,将 task 误认为不可数名词。如:
I have many household tasks to do today. 我今天有很多家务要做。
It’s a difficult task, but I think you can do it. 这是个艰巨的任务,但我想你能完成。
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