内部讲义:常考词的语法与用法(15)
◆term n.
1. 表示“学期”,通常为可数名词。如:
There are three terms in a school year. 一学年三个学期。
When does the spring term begin? 春季学期什么时候开始?
但是,有时也用作不可数名词,其含义较泛,常与介词 in, at, during 等连用,且不用冠词。比较:
During term, we have examinations. 我们学期当中有考试。
During the term, we have examinations. 在这一学期当中我们有考试。
Are there any exams at the end of term? 期末有考试吗?
Are there any end-of-term exams? 有期末考试吗?
There will be exams at the end of the term. 这个学期结束时将举行考试。
另外,若把“学期”当作上课的活动来看待,其前通常也不用冠词。如:
Term is over. 放假了。
We began term on Tuesday last. 我们上周星期二开学。
2. 表示“条件”、“条款”等,总是用复数形式。如:
We can’t accept the terms. 我们不能接受这些条件。
On no terms will I do such a thing. 我决不会做那样的事。
注:以下短语也用复数:come to terms(达成协议),come to
terms with(甘心接受),make terms with(讲条件),in terms of
(以……观点,就……而言),on good (bad) terms with sb(与某人关系好(不好))等。
◆than conj. & prep.
1. 在通常情况下,后接人称代词时可用主格也可用宾格,含义一样。如:
He is taller than I [me]. 他比我高。
He swims faster than she [her]. 他比她游泳游得快。
注:若人称代词之后跟有动词,则只能用主格。如:
He is taller than I am. 他比我高。
He swims faster than she does. 他比她游泳游得快。
有时用主格或宾格会导致意思的变化。比较:
I like you better than he (likes you). 我比他更喜欢你。
I like you better than (he likes) him. 我喜欢你胜过喜欢他。
2. 当连接两个非谓语动词时,通常应保持用一样的形式。如:
他认为他自己开车比让我开车要更安全些。
正:He thinks it is safer to drive himself than (to) let me drive.
正:He thinks that driving himself is safer than letting me drive.
注:若不是连接两个非谓语动词,但其后出现有动词,则该动词通常用动名词(虽然也可用不定式,但不如用动名词普通)。如:
I cleaned my shoes, which was better than doing nothing. 我把鞋子擦干净了,这比闲着什么都不干要好。
Nothing is more unpleasant than finding[to find] insects in your bath. 最使人不快的是在浴室里发现有虫子。
3. 通常不与由 and 连接的两个比较级连用。如:
误:It’s colder and colder than ever.
误:Computers are cheaper and cheaper than before.
误:She is more and more interested in English than last year.
注:改正的办法:要么去掉后面的 than 结构,要么 and和一个比较级。如说成:It is colder than ever. 或 It is colder and colder. 等。
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