全国人民代表大会常务委员会工作报告 中英对照

今后一年的主要任务
Major Tasks for This Year

2009年是新中国成立60周年，是应对国际国内环境变化重大挑战、推动国家各项事业实现新发展的关键一年。常委会工作的总体要求是：全面贯彻党的十七大、十七届三中全会和中央经济工作会议精神，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一，紧紧围绕党和国家工作大局行使职权，着力加强中国特色社会主义法律体系建设，着力促进经济平稳较快发展与社会和谐稳定，着力保障宪法和法律有效实施，努力把人大工作提高到一个新水平。
The year 2009 marks the 60th anniversary of the founding of New China and it will be a crucial year in terms of responding to the major challenges presented by changes in the international and domestic environments and developing all our country's undertakings. The general requirements for the work of the Standing Committee are as follows: We must faithfully follow the guiding principles of the Seventeenth Congress, the Third Plenary Session of the Seventeenth Central Committee and the Central Economic Work Conference. We must take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide and thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development. We must organically integrate the leadership of the Party, the position of the people as masters of the country and the rule of law, focus on the overall work of the Party and the government in carrying out our functions and powers, work to develop the legal system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, strive to promote steady and rapid economic development and social harmony and stability, intensify efforts to ensure effective enforcement of the Constitution and laws, and work to bring the work of the NPC up to a new level.

一、在形成中国特色社会主义法律体系上迈出决定性步伐
1. Taking decisive steps toward establishing a legal system of socialism with Chinese characteristics

党中央明确提出，到2010年形成中国特色社会主义法律体系。今年是实现这个目标的关键一年。我们要按照党的十七大精神，在提高立法质量的前提下，一手抓法律制定，一手抓法律清理，努力在形成中国特色社会主义法律体系上迈出决定性步伐。
The CPC Central Committee clearly set the goal of establishing a legal system of socialism with Chinese characteristics by 2010. This year will be crucial for efforts to attain this goal. We must both formulate new legislation and revise and eliminate unsuitable portions of existing laws while working to improve the quality of legislation in accordance with the guiding principles of the Seventeenth Congress so we can take decisive steps toward establishing a legal system of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

一要抓紧制定和修改在法律体系中起支架作用的重要法律，着力加强社会领域立法，继续完善经济、政治、文化领域立法。今年计划安排的立法项目主要有：制定社会保险法、社会救助法、侵权责任法、行政强制法、农村土地承包经营纠纷仲裁法、精神卫生法、国防动员法等法律，修改国家赔偿法、保守国家秘密法、选举法、村民委员会组织法、土地管理法、邮政法、统计法等法律。要加强立法工作的组织协调，积极推进科学立法、民主立法，扩大公民对立法的有序参与，加强立法调研和科学论证，广泛凝聚共识，提高立法质量。要继续督促有关方面抓紧制定法律配套法规，保证法律有效实施。
First, we must promptly formulate new laws and make revisions in existing laws that will form the framework for the legal system, focusing on improving legislation concerned with social issues while continuing to improve legislation concerned with economic, political and cultural issues. Legislative work on the agenda for this year includes the following. We will formulate a social security law, social welfare law, law on tort liability, law on administrative coercion, law on arbitration of disputes concerning contracted rural land, law on mental health and law on national defense mobilization. We will also revise the Law on State Compensation, the Law on Protecting State Secrets, the Electoral Law, the Organic Law of Villager Committees, the Land Administration Law, the Postal Law and the Statistics Law. We will work to improve organization and coordination in legislative work, make legislation more scientific and democratic, expand orderly participation of the general public in the legislative process, improve research and scientific verification to formulate legislation and work to obtain a broad consensus of opinion to improve the quality of legislation. We will continue to urge relevant authorities to promptly formulate supporting regulations to ensure effective enforcement of laws.

二要完成法律清理工作。我国现行有效的231件法律中，有的法律也存在一些需要完善的地方。这当中大体分三种情况：一是有的法律是上世纪八十年代或九十年代初制定的，现在看来，有些规定已经明显不适应发展社会主义市场经济的需要；二是由于法律制定的时间有先有后，有的后法与前法的一些规定有不尽一致或不够衔接的地方；三是有的法律操作性不强，难以用国家强制力来保证实施。针对这些情况，去年常委会组织部署了对现行法律的清理工作，今年要完成这项工作。要认真研究和全面分析有关方面提出的清理意见，区分轻重缓急，采取修改、废止、解释、配套等方式进行分类处理，促进法律体系的科学、统一与和谐。
Second, we need to finish the work of revising unsuitable provisions to improve existing legislation. There are 231 laws currently in effect in China, and a number of these have areas that still have room for improvement. There are three main categories of laws requiring improvement. 1) There are some laws which were formulated in the 1980s or early 1990s and contain provisions that no longer meet the requirements for developing the socialist market economy. 2) There are inconsistencies and gaps in laws formulated at different times. 3) Some laws are difficult to apply and the state is unable to enforce compliance with them. In light of this situation, the Standing Committee last year made arrangements for the work of revising unsuitable portions of the existing laws. We need to finish this work before the end of this year. We will carefully study and make a comprehensive analysis of suggestions made by relevant parties and proceed in order of importance and urgency. We will handle this task in accordance with the different types of treatment required, i.e. revision, rescinding, legal interpretation or formulation of new provisions, to develop a scientific, consistent and harmonious legal system.

改革开放以来，经过各方面共同努力，到十届全国人大任期届满，以宪法为核心，以涵盖7个法律部门的法律为主干，由法律、行政法规、地方性法规等3个层次法律规范构成的中国特色社会主义法律体系已经基本形成，国家经济、政治、文化、社会生活各个方面基本做到有法可依，有力地保障和推动了中国特色社会主义事业的发展。同时，我们也清醒地看到，经济社会的快速发展，社会主义民主政治的不断推进，文化生活的丰富多彩，和谐社会的积极构建，体制机制的改革创新，经济全球化的深入发展，对立法工作提出了新课题新要求，立法任务依然繁重。
Thanks to the concerted efforts of all sectors of society since the introduction of the reform and opening up policy in 1978,a legal system of socialism with Chinese characteristics had been basically established by the end of the term of the Tenth NPC. With the Constitution as its core and seven types of laws as its backbone, this legal system consists of three levels of laws and regulations, i.e. laws, administrative regulations, and local ordinances. There are now laws that cover basically every area of the country's economic, political, cultural and social activities, and these laws effectively ensure and promote development of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. At the same time, we are clearly aware that the rapid economic and social development, constant progress in socialist democratic politics, the rich and varied cultural activities in society, efforts to create a harmonious society, structural and institutional reform and innovation, and the deepening of economic globalization all present new issues and new requirements for our legislative work. Our legislative tasks are still arduous.

这里需要强调的是，我们的法律体系是中国特色社会主义法律体系，在形成并完善法律体系过程中，必须把握好以下四点：一是不能用西方的法律体系来套我们的法律体系。外国法律体系中有的法律，不符合我国国情和实际的，我们不搞；外国法律体系中没有的法律，但我国现实生活需要的，要及时制定。二是行政法规和地方性法规都是法律体系的重要组成部分。对用法律来规范尚不具备条件的，可依法制定行政法规和地方性法规，待取得经验、条件成熟时再制定法律；对一些地方事务和具有民族地区特点的事项，可依法制定地方性法规或自治条例、单行条例进行规范。三是要区分法律手段和其他调整手段的关系，需要用法律调整的才通过立法来规范，以更好地发挥法制的功能和作用。四是我们的法律体系是动态的、开放的、发展的，本身就有一个与时俱进的问题，需要适应客观形势的发展变化，不断加以完善。
It must be emphasized here that ours is a legal system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, so we must bear in mind the following four points in the process of establishing and improving it. First, the Western model of a legal system cannot be copied mechanically in establishing our own. Some of the laws in the legal systems of other countries are incompatible with the situation and conditions in China so we will not formulate such laws. Some laws that are not part of the legal systems of other countries but are nevertheless a practical necessity for China need to be promptly enacted. Second, administrative regulations and local ordinances are both important components of our legal system. When conditions are not ripe to formulate laws, administrative regulations or local ordinances can be legally formulated instead. When sufficient experience has been obtained and conditions become ripe corresponding laws can be formulated. Local ordinances, autonomy statutes or specific regulations can also be legally formulated to cover local issues and matters specific to ethnic minority areas. Third, we need to distinguish between legal means and regulatory tools and resort to legislation only when it is truly necessary in order to make better use of the functions and roles of the legal system. Fourth, our legal system is dynamic, open and in the process of development. We need to constantly improve it in light of developments and changes in the objective situation so that it can keep pace with the times.