全国人民代表大会常务委员会工作报告 中英对照

三、着力促进解决民生问题
3. Focusing on solving the problems affecting people's well-being

坚持以人为本，促进解决民生问题，是常委会工作的又一重点。工作中，我们注意把立法和监督结合起来，在推动改进工作的同时注重制定和完善法律，在加强立法的同时注重强化执法检查和工作监督，使人大工作更贴近民生、更具实效。
Putting people first and promoting the resolution of problems affecting people's well-being are another focus of the work of the Standing Committee. We combined legislation with oversight in our work. While improving our work, we also strived to enact and improve laws and while working on legislation, we also strived to more effectively investigate compliance with laws and carry out work oversight, thus strengthening the connection between the work of the NPC and people's well-being and making the NPC's work even more practical.

食品安全事关人民群众身体健康和生命安全，人大代表和社会各界高度关注。针对“三鹿问题奶粉”等重大食品安全事件暴露出的突出问题，常委会在深入调查研究、广泛征求意见的基础上，对食品安全法草案作了进一步修改。一是，为切实加强食品安全监管工作，在确立各有关主管部门按照各自职责分段监管的基础上，国务院设立食品安全委员会，协调、指导食品安全工作；同时规定，县级以上地方人民政府统一负责、领导、组织、协调本行政区域食品安全监督管理工作。二是，为解决食品生产滥用添加剂等问题，本着不用、慎用、少用原则，明确规定只有在技术上确有必要、经过风险评估证明安全可靠的食品添加剂，才能允许使用；确需使用食品添加剂的，必须严格执行食品安全标准规定的品种、范围和用量；不得使用食品添加剂以外的化学物质或其他可能危害人体健康的物质。三是，目前社会上名目繁多的保健品年销售额超过1000亿元，而监管不到位，产品真假难辨，老百姓无所适从。为解决这一问题，明确要求国务院抓紧研究制定相关规定，规范生产活动，整顿销售市场，加强监督管理，让消费者放心。
Because food safety affects the people's health and safety, deputies to the NPC and all sectors of society attach great importance to this issue. In response to the serious problems revealed by the defective Sanlu milk powder and other major food safety scandals, the Standing Committee revised the draft Law on Food Safety based on in-depth investigations and studies and a wide range of opinions. First, to effectively strengthen oversight and management of food safety, in addition to prescribing that all relevant competent authorities shall exercise oversight within the scope of their duties and responsibilities, the revised draft law stipulates that the State Council shall set up a food safety commission to coordinate and guide food safety work. It also stipulates that local people's governments at and above the county level shall have overall responsibility for and lead, organize, and coordinate oversight and management of food safety within their administrative areas. Second, to address the misuse of food additives, the revised draft law follows a principle of prescribing non-use, use of appropriate amounts or use of lower amounts and clearly stipulates that food additives shall be used only if they are technically necessary and have been proved safe through risk assessment. When the use of a food addictive is necessary, food safety standards shall be strictly followed in deciding the category, scope and concentration of the additive. No chemicals other than food additives and no materials that might be harmful to people's health shall be used in food production.Third, annual sales of health food of every conceivable description have exceeded 100 billion yuan. Without proper oversight in place, people cannot tell what is genuine from what is fake, making it difficult to decide which products to purchase. To address this problem, the revised draft law stipulates that the State Council shall quickly work out regulations to standardize production, restore order in the distribution market and strengthen oversight and management in order to boost the confidence of consumers.

在上一届工作的基础上，去年常委会又对修改后的义务教育法、未成年人保护法开展新一轮执法检查，并对新颁布实施的劳动合同法进行执法检查。这三项执法检查，直接关系1．7亿中小学生、3．6亿未成年人的健康成长和亿万劳动者的切身利益，涉及的问题都是人大代表和人民群众普遍关注的。我们深入实际、深入基层，弄清法律实施中的突出问题，提出落实义务教育经费保障机制、增加义务教育投入，净化未成年人网络文化环境，重视解决拖欠职工工资尤其是农民工工资等重要建议。国务院及有关部门认真研究我们提出的意见和建议，使法律得到更好实施、工作得到进一步改进。一是，义务教育经费保障机制依法得到落实，义务教育经费大幅增加，全国小学生、初中生的生均预算内公用经费支出同比明显增长，中央财政还提高了中西部地区校舍维修改造资金标准。二是，国务院有关部门联合开展了整治互联网低俗之风专项行动，加强互联网管理，严厉打击毒害青少年的违法犯罪行为，网络文化环境有所改善，得到社会各界好评。三是，劳动合同法颁布实施以来，全社会劳动合同意识普遍提高，劳动合同签订率明显上升，全国规模以上企业劳动合同签订率达93%，新签劳动合同的平均期限有所延长，就业再就业工作力度进一步加大，企业职工尤其是农民工权益保障工作得到加强。针对劳动就业面临的新情况新问题，审议中，常委会组成人员指出，要大力支持中小企业发展和转型升级，千方百计稳定和扩大就业，防止拖欠职工工资和大规模裁员，着力解决服务业和建筑业以及中小企业和私营企业劳动合同签订率低等问题，切实维护劳动者合法权益，努力构建和谐劳动关系。
Building on the work of the last Standing Committee, this Standing Committee carried out another investigation of compliance with the revised versions of the Law on Compulsory Education and the Law on the Protection of Minors. We also investigated compliance with the recently promulgated Law on Labor Contracts. These investigations have a direct bearing on the well-being of 170 million primary and junior secondary school students and over 360 million minors and the immediate interests of hundreds of millions of workers. The issues involved in these laws are all concerns of deputies to people's congresses and the general public. We looked closely at actual conditions in society and uncovered significant problems in the enforcement of laws and then submitted important suggestions on implementing a funding mechanism for compulsory education, increasing funding for compulsory education, cleaning up the cultural environment of the Internet to which minors are exposed and doing more to solve the problem of wages in arrears, especially those of rural migrant workers. Our suggestions, which were carefully studied by the State Council and relevant departments, helped to more effectively enforce the law and improve work. First, the funding mechanism for compulsory education was implemented in accordance with the law, and funding for compulsory education throughout the country increased by a large margin. Per capita budgetary expenditures for primary and junior secondary school students increased significantly over the previous year. The central government also increased funding for the renovation of school buildings in the central and western regions of the country. Second, relevant departments of the State Council jointly carried out a special campaign to clean up objectionable and unhealthy online material, strengthen management of Internet content and severely crack down on illegal and criminal behavior dangerous to the young, thereby improving the online cultural environment and winning acclaim from the general public. Third, promulgation of the Law on Labor Contracts has brought about greater awareness of the importance of labor contracts, and significantly increased the number of labor contracts concluded. Some 93% of employees working for large enterprises signed their labor contracts across the country. The average term of newly concluded contracts was also longer. Employment and reemployment efforts were intensified and protection of the rights and interests of workers of enterprises, especially rural migrant workers, was strengthened. In light of the latest developments and problems facing employment efforts, Standing Committee members pointed out at their meeting that we must strongly support the development, transformation and upgrading of small and medium-sized enterprises, adopt whatever means necessary to stabilize and expand employment, prevent accumulation of wages in arrears and huge layoffs and work hard to solve the problem of too few workers concluding labor contracts in the service and construction industries and in small and medium-sized enterprises and private companies in order to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of all workers and ensure harmonious labor relations.

为健全社会保险制度，解除职工群众后顾之忧，常委会在上一届初审的基础上，对社会保险法草案进行了较大修改，将养老、医疗、工伤、失业、生育等五个险种分章作出具体规定，对职工群众最关心的转移接续基本养老保险关系、提高基本养老保险基金统筹层次、加强社会保险基金监管等问题作出明确规定，引起社会广泛反响，目前正根据各方面意见修改完善。常委会还修改了残疾人保障法，充实了禁止歧视残疾人的规定，并从康复、教育、劳动就业、社会保障和无障碍环境建设等方面强化残疾人权利保障。
In order to improve the social security system and help dispel the worries of workers, the Standing Committee made big changes to the draft Social Security Law on the basis of initial deliberation by the last Standing Committee. Specific rules were formulated in the five chapters concerning old-age insurance, medical insurance, workers' compensation, unemployment insurance and maternity insurance. Clear provisions were set out to address issues of greatest concern to workers, such as transfer of basic old-age insurance accounts between regions, and the need to improve overall planning for basic old-age insurance funds and tighten regulation of social security funds. These changes have been widely applauded by the general public, and we are improving the draft law in light of the suggestions received. The Standing Committee also revised the Law on the Protection of Disabled Persons, adding more provisions prohibiting discrimination against people with disabilities and strengthened protection of their rights and interests in matters such as rehabilitation, education, employment, social security and handicap-accessible facilities.

四、努力做好经常性工作
4. Striving to successfully carry out our routine work

过去的一年，我们紧紧围绕党和国家工作重点，依照人大工作特点做好以上工作的同时，努力做好人大经常性工作，在立法、监督、发挥代表和专门委员会作用、开展对外交往等方面取得新成效，提高了常委会工作的整体质量和水平。
During the past year we strove to successfully carry out our routine work while concentrating on the main tasks of the Party and the government and doing the above-mentioned work well in accordance with the features of the NPC's work. We made further progress in legislation, oversight, and our efforts to give full play to the role of the deputies and special committees and carry out foreign relations work, and raised the overall quality and level of the Standing Committee's work.

在立法工作方面，一是编制五年立法规划，召开立法工作会议，统筹部署立法工作。二是制定了企业国有资产法、食品安全法、刑法修正案（七）、循环经济促进法，修改了防震减灾法、残疾人保障法、消防法、保险法、专利法。针对企业国有资产管理和监督中的突出问题，企业国有资产法确立了国有资产出资人制度的基本原则，对关系出资人权益的重大事项，包括企业改制、关联交易、资产评估转让等容易造成国有资产流失的环节，规定了必须遵循的基本规则和严格的监管程序。三是为确保法律的有效实施，督促有关方面加强法律配套法规的制定工作，制定有关工作程序，要求在确定立法项目、起草法律草案的同时，统筹安排制定配套法规，力争与法律同步实施。四是积极推进科学立法、民主立法，扩大公民对立法的有序参与。委员长会议决定，凡是常委会审议的法律草案，原则上都在中国人大网上公布，重要法律草案还要在全国主要新闻媒体上公布，广泛征求意见，使法律草案公布工作常态化。我们还就法律草案中涉及的重大问题，深入调查研究，并通过座谈会、论证会等形式与有关方面充分沟通协商，共同研究解决办法，完善法律草案。
In our legislative work of the past year, we first of all formulated the five-year program for legislation and held a legislative work meeting to map out the work plan for the coming period. Second, we enacted the Law on State-Owned Assets in Enterprises, the Law on Food Safety, the seventh amendment to the Criminal Law, and the Law to Promote a Circular Economy and revised the Law on Protecting Against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters, the Law on Security for Disabled Persons, the Fire Protection Law, the Insurance Law and the Patent Law. To address the major problems in the administration and supervision of state-owned assets in enterprises, we defined the basic principles governing the system of investors of state-owned assets as part of the Law on State-Owned Assets in Enterprises. Provisions were set out in this law concerning the basic rules that must be followed and strict oversight procedures for major actions related to investor rights and interests. Provisions covered actions that could easily lead to loss of state-owned assets, such as conversion of enterprises into joint stock companies, related party transactions and evaluation and transfer of assets. Third, we called on the concerned departments to formulate supporting regulations and relevant work procedures to ensure full compliance with laws, requiring that arrangements be made to formulate supporting regulations during the process of deciding on legislative items and drafting laws in an effort to implement laws and corresponding regulations at the same time. Fourth, we worked to make legislation more scientific and democratic and expand the orderly participation of the general public in the legislative process. It was decided by the Chairperson's Council that in principle, all draft laws under deliberation by the Standing Committee should be released to the public on www.npc.gov.cn, that major bills should also be published by major national media organizations to solicit opinions from the general public, and that this should become common practice. We also carried out thorough investigations and studies concerning issues of vital importance involved in draft laws and gave relevant parties the opportunity to stay fully informed and express their ideas through workshops and debates so they could participate in efforts to find solutions and improve draft laws.

在监督工作方面，4月份的常委会会议，根据代表们的意见，增加安排听取审议国务院关于抗击南方部分地区严重低温雨雪冰冻灾害及灾后恢复重建工作情况的报告，要求有关方面认真总结经验，完善应急机制，切实提高防灾减灾能力。8月份的会议，集中听取审议中央决算、审计工作和计划执行情况的报告，审查批准了2007年中央决算，提出建立县级基本财力保障机制、2009年全面实施增值税转型改革、规范财政转移支付等重要建议。10月份的会议，听取审议最高人民法院关于加强刑事审判工作情况的报告、最高人民检察院关于加强刑事审判法律监督工作情况的报告，要求法院和检察院正确执行法律和宽严相济的刑事政策，保证刑事审判和法律监督的公正高效，不断提高司法工作水平。一年来，行政法规、地方性法规、司法解释等规范性文件备案审查工作进一步加强，共接收报送备案规范性文件475件，受理公民、组织提出审查建议86件。
In oversight work, we followed the suggestion of deputies to incorporate deliberation of the State Council's report on counteracting the severe snow and ice storms in part of the south and carrying out post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction into the agenda of the Standing Committee's April meeting. We called on relevant departments to learn from their experience, improve the mechanisms for coping with emergencies and truly enhance disaster preparedness and mitigation capability. At our August meeting we heard and deliberated the reports on the final central government budget for 2007, on auditing work and on plan implementation, deliberated and approved the report on the final central government budget and submitted important proposals on establishing a mechanism for ensuring adequate basic financial resources at the county level, carrying out VAT reform throughout the country in 2009 and standardizing transfer payments. At our October meeting we heard and deliberated the report of the Supreme People’s Court on improving criminal trial work and the report of the Supreme People's Procuratorate on strengthening oversight for criminal trials. We called on the courts and procuratorates to correctly enforce the law, follow a policy of severity tempered with mercy in criminal trials, ensure justice and efficiency in trial and oversight work and constantly work to improve judicial work. We improved filing and examination for normative documents last year, including administrative laws and regulations, local ordinances and legal interpretations. We received a total of 475 normative documents to be filed and handled 86 suggestions from ordinary individuals and organizations concerning examination work.

在发挥代表作用方面，一是认真办理代表议案，上次大会主席团交付有关专门委员会审议的462件代表议案，已经全部办理完毕，其中，26件议案涉及的8件法律已经常委会审议通过，50件议案涉及的4件法律草案正在审议，126件议案涉及的38个立法项目已经列入立法规划。二是扩大代表知情知政渠道，组织代表开展集中视察和专题调研，通过多种形式及时向代表通报情况，继续邀请代表列席常委会会议和参加执法检查等活动。列席会议和参加活动的代表事先认真准备，会上积极发言，充分反映人民群众呼声，为提高常委会工作质量发挥了重要作用。三是认真处理代表建议，上次大会期间代表提出的6279件建议，所提问题已解决或计划解决的有4489件，占代表建议总数的71．5%。
In enabling deputies to play their proper role, we first of all diligently processed their proposals. The special committees have handled all the 462 proposals that the Presidium of the last NPC session assigned to them. Eight laws that came up in 26 proposals have been adopted by the Standing Committee. Deliberations are being conducted on four draft laws that were brought up in 50 proposals, and 38 legislative items listed in 126proposals have been included in the legislative plan. Second, we expanded channels through which deputies can stay informed and learn about political affairs. We organized inspection tours and studies for deputies on special topics, informed them of the latest developments through various means, and continued to invite deputies to attend meetings of the Standing Committee as observers and participate in investigations of compliance with laws. Deputies attending meetings and participating in investigations carefully prepared in advance and actively contributed to the discussions. This gave the people a voice and played an important role in improving the quality of the work of the Standing Committee. Third, we took the suggestions submitted by deputies very seriously. A total of 6,279 suggestions were made by the deputies during the last NPC session, and the problems mentioned in 4,489, or 71.5%, of them have been resolved or will be resolved according to plan.

在开展对外交往方面，继续巩固全国人大与外国议会定期交流机制，分别与英国、法国、日本、韩国、埃及等国议会以及欧洲议会开展多种形式的对话。针对国外有的议会在台湾、涉藏等问题上挑起的事端，我们通过外事委员会负责人发表谈话等形式进行针锋相对的斗争，捍卫国家核心利益。委员长会议组成人员、专门委员会和友好小组通过请进来、走出去等形式，与有关国家议会领导人、议员和议员助手加强交流，增信释疑，推动互利合作，促进国家关系全面发展。积极参与国际和地区议会组织的活动，成功举办第五届亚欧议会伙伴会议。
In the area of foreign relations, we continued to consolidate the mechanisms for regular exchanges between the NPC and the congresses or parliaments of other countries. We carried out various forms of dialogue with the parliaments of the United Kingdom, France, Japan, the Republic of Korea and Egypt, as well as with the European Parliament. In response to provocations from the congresses of some countries concerning the Taiwan and Tibet questions, we engaged in fierce struggle and defended China's core interests through declarations from the chairperson of the Foreign Affairs Committee. Members of the Chairperson's Council, special committees and friendship groups worked to improve interaction with foreign congressional leaders, representatives and aides, increase mutual trust, remove misunderstandings, boost mutually beneficial cooperation and promote improvement in all aspects of foreign relations through exchange visits. We actively took part in the activities organized by international and regional parliamentary organizations and successfully hosted the fifth Asia-Europe Parliamentary Partnership Meeting.

全国人大各专门委员会人才荟萃、知识密集，具有经常性开展工作的特点。常委会注重发挥专门委员会作用，换届后及时与各专门委员会负责同志进行座谈，就加强和改进人大工作特别是专门委员会工作深入交换意见，统一思想认识。各专门委员会围绕全国人大及其常委会的中心任务，在提高立法质量、增强监督实效、发挥代表作用、开展对外交往等方面做了大量卓有成效的工作，有力地促进了常委会工作整体水平的提高。
The special committees of the NPC represent rich funds of knowledge and capable personnel and carry out their work on a regular basis. The Standing Committee makes good use of the role of the special committees. Shortly after it was formed, the new Standing Committee promptly held discussions with leading members of the special committees to exchange views and reach a common understanding on how to strengthen and improve the work of the NPC, especially the work of the special committees. Focusing on the central tasks of the NPC and its standing committee, the special committees did a great amount of effective work in improving the quality of legislation, making oversight more effective, making good use of the role of deputies and carrying out foreign relations work, and effectively promoted overall improvement in the work of the Standing Committee.