全国人民代表大会常务委员会工作报告 中英对照

二、积极推动经济又好又快发展
2. Vigorously promoting sound and rapid development of the economy

深入贯彻落实科学发展观，推动经济又好又快发展，是常委会工作的一个重点。工作中，我们抓住经济社会发展中的突出问题，综合运用多种监督形式，加强跟踪监督，推动改进工作，完善法律制度，使人大工作更有深度、更具活力。
Thoroughly applying the Scientific Outlook on Development and promoting sound and rapid economic development is a focal point of the work of the Standing Committee. In our work, we focused on major problems in economic and social development, employed a full range of oversight means, strengthened follow-up oversight, made improvements in our work, and improved the legal framework, thereby making the work of the NPC more thorough and dynamic.

一是推动中央宏观调控重大决策部署的贯彻落实。去年以来，面对复杂多变的国际经济形势和国内经济运行中的突出矛盾和问题，党中央审时度势，及时把宏观调控的首要任务从年初的“两防”，即防止经济增长由偏快转为过热、防止价格由结构性上涨演变为明显通货膨胀，调整为年中的“一保一控”，即保持经济平稳较快增长、控制物价过快上涨。为应对国际金融危机快速蔓延，11月份又果断调整为积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，并采取了一系列扩大内需、促进经济增长的政策措施。
First, we carried forward implementation of the major macro-control decisions and arrangements of the Central Committee. In the face of a complicated, volatile international economic situation and serious conflicts and problems hindering domestic economic development last year, the Central Committee sized up the situation and promptly shifted the primary task for macro-control, which had been defined at the beginning of the year to be the prevention of excessively fast economic growth from becoming overheated growth and the prevention of structural price increases from turning into significant inflation, and redefined it to be maintenance of steady and rapid economic growth and curbing price hikes in mid-2008. In response to the rapidly spreading global financial crisis, in November the Central Committee resolutely shifted to a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy and adopted a series of policies and measures to boost domestic demand and promote economic growth.

为了确保中央重大决策部署的贯彻落实，常委会除按计划听取审议加强金融宏观调控、稳定物价工作等报告外，面对国际金融危机新形势，12月份的常委会会议专题安排听取审议国务院关于应对国际金融危机、确保国民经济平稳较快发展情况的报告。审议中，常委会组成人员对国务院的工作给予充分肯定。同时指出，当前国际金融危机继续蔓延和对我国实体经济的影响不断加深，我国发展的外部经济环境日趋严峻。在有效需求不足的情况下，我国经济社会发展中的一些深层次矛盾和问题也会更加凸显。要切实增强忧患意识，把思想和行动统一到中央对形势的分析判断和对工作的总体部署上来，全面贯彻中央经济工作会议精神，化严峻挑战为发展机遇，变市场压力为调整动力，在保持经济平稳较快发展的同时，切实把加快经济发展方式转变和结构调整作为主攻方向。大家强调，在许多行业产能过剩的情况下，贯彻落实积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，最重要的是严格把握政策和投资导向，防止低水平重复建设，防止新一轮城市盲目扩张。
In order to ensure proper implementation of the Central Committee's major policies and arrangements, the Standing Committee, in addition to hearing and deliberating the reports on strengthening macro-control in the financial sector and stabilizing prices as originally scheduled, also deliberated and approved the report of the State Council on responding to the global financial crisis and ensuring steady and rapid economic development at its December meeting in response to the latest developments in the global financial crisis. At the meeting, members of the Standing Committee fully affirmed the State Council's work. In addition, they also noted that because the current global financial crisis was spreading and its impact on China's real economy was continuing to widen, the external economic environment for the country's development was worsening by the day. It was also noted that because of insufficient effective demand, some deep-rooted issues and problems in China's economic and social development would also become more serious. This required us to be more aware of potential danger and bring our thinking and actions in line with the Central Committee's analysis and judgment of the situation and its overall work arrangements. It was necessary for us to faithfully follow the guiding principles of the Central Economic Work Conference, transform serious challenges into development opportunities, and change market pressure into an impetus for adjustment. While working to maintain steady and rapid economic development, we needed to concentrate on speeding up transformation of the pattern of economic development and carrying out economic restructuring. Everyone present at the meeting emphasized that the excess production capacity in many industries made it imperative for us to strictly maintain the orientation of policies and investment and avoid low-level, redundant construction and a new round of haphazard urban expansion in implementing the proactive fiscal policy and the moderately easy monetary policy.

为了保证积极的财政政策顺利实施，根据预算法有关规定，建议2008年新增投资从当年中央预算超收收入中列支，并依法向全国人大常委会报告；同意在全国人民代表大会批准2009年中央预算前，预拨一定比例的资金，保证重点建设项目的资金需要，预算批准后按批准的预算执行；建议经国务院批准由财政部代理发行的2009年地方政府债券纳入地方财政预算，报经同级人民代表大会或其常委会批准。
To ensure smooth implementation of the proactive fiscal policy, we proposed funding additional investment programs in 2008 from that year's surplus revenue in the central budget in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Budget Law, which had to be reported to the Standing Committee as required by law. We agreed that a certain proportion of the funds should be disbursed before the NPC approves the 2009 central budget in order to ensure adequate funding for key development projects and that when the budget is approved it should be implemented accordingly. We also suggested that the bonds issued for local governments, which need to be approved by the State Council and issued by the Ministry of Finance on their behalf, be incorporated into their budgets and submitted to the people's congress or its standing committee at the corresponding level for approval.

二是推动转变经济发展方式。加快转变经济发展方式，推动产业结构优化升级，是关系国民经济全局紧迫而重大的战略任务。12月份的常委会会议专题听取审议国务院关于“十一五”规划纲要实施中期情况的报告。审议中，常委会组成人员充分肯定成绩，客观分析问题，提出中肯建议并指出，从评估情况看，纲要确定的大多数指标达到预期进度要求，实施情况总体上是好的。但反映经济结构的4个指标中，服务业增加值、服务业就业、研发经费等3个指标没有达到预期进度要求；单位国内生产总值能源消耗、主要污染物排放总量等两个主要约束性指标与规划目标差距较大。这在很大程度上表明，我国经济发展方式尚未根本转变，产业结构仍以工业为主导，需求结构仍以出口和投资为主导，资源环境压力加重、扩大就业难度加大、消费不足等问题依然突出。建议国务院及有关部门要高度重视存在的问题，按照党的十七大精神，加快推进经济发展方式的“三个转变”，加大工作力度，努力实现“十一五”规划纲要确定的目标任务。常委会还通过制定循环经济促进法、修改专利法，听取审议国务院关于水污染防治工作情况报告、开展环境影响评价法执法检查等方式，推动各级政府和有关方面落实科学发展观，转变经济发展方式。
Second, we promoted transformation of the pattern of economic development. Accelerating change in the pattern of economic development and promoting improvement and upgrading of the industrial structure are pressing and major strategic tasks that have an overall bearing on the national economy. The Standing Committee heard and deliberated the State Council's report on the intermediate assessment of the implementation of the Outline of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan at its December meeting. Those present at the meeting fully acknowledged the achievements made, analyzed problems from an objective perspective, and made pertinent suggestions. They noted that the assessment showed satisfactory progress was being made toward most of the targets set forth in the outline and that the outline was being implemented satisfactorily on the whole. However, three of the four indices reflecting the condition of the economic structure - added value of the service sector, employment in the service sector, and R&D expenditures - failed to achieve the expected progress, and two major binding targets - energy consumption per unit of GDP and total emissions of major pollutants - fell far short of the set goals. To a great extent this showed that the pattern of China's economic development had not been transformed fundamentally: industry still holds the dominant position in the industrial structure, exports and investment still play the leading role in the demand structure, and serious problems such as mounting pressure on resources and the environment, increasing difficulty in expanding employment, and insufficient consumption still exist. We proposed that the State Council and relevant departments attach great importance to these problems, accelerate the implementation of the "three transformations" in the pattern of economic development [transformation from relying mainly on investment and exports to relying on a well coordinated combination of consumption, investment and exports, transformation from secondary industry serving as the major driving force to primary, secondary and tertiary industries jointly driving economic growth, and transformation from relying heavily on increased consumption of material resources to relying mainly on advances in science and technology, improvement in the quality of the workforce and innovation in management - Tr.] in accordance with the guiding principles of the Seventeenth Congress, and work harder to fulfill the objectives and tasks set forth in the Outline of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan. The Standing Committee also prodded governments at all levels and other concerned parties to apply the Scientific Outlook on Development and transform the pattern of economic development by enacting the Law to Promote a Circular Economy, revising the Patent Law, hearing and deliberating the State Council's report on preventing and controlling water pollution, and investigating compliance with the Environmental Impact Assessment Law.

三是推动农村改革发展。做好农业、农村、农民工作，事关党和国家事业发展全局。上一届常委会连续5年对“三农”问题进行跟踪监督，取得明显成效。去年，常委会在听取审议国务院关于促进农民稳定增收情况报告和相关报告中，都对做好“三农”工作提出重要建议。常委会在开展农民专业合作社法执法检查中，深入了解各类农民专业合作社的发展及存在的主要问题，要求全面落实法律规定的各项扶持政策，使农民专业合作社在提高农民的组织化程度、引领农民参与国内外市场竞争等方面发挥更大作用。通过人大的监督工作，有力地促进了社会主义新农村建设，经过国务院、地方各级政府和广大农民群众共同努力，农村居民人均纯收入在连续4年增量超过300元、增幅超过6%的基础上，2008年增幅达到8%，粮食总产和单产再创历史新高。截至2008年底，全国农民专业合作社超过11万个，登记成员140多万户，加入合作社的农户成员年收入比非成员农户高出20%以上。在充分肯定成绩的同时，常委会组成人员指出，要高度重视农民收入总体水平仍然不高、城乡居民收入差距继续拉大、农业比较效益还在下降、农业基础设施落后、农民务工面临新困难等问题，扎实推进农村改革，大幅增加“三农”投入，严格保护耕地，逐步理顺粮食等农产品价格，不断改善强农惠农的金融和科技服务，支持和引导民营经济发展和农民多渠道转移就业，保持农业稳定发展、促进农民持续增收。
Third, we promoted reform and development in rural areas. Doing the work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers well has an overall bearing on the progress of the cause of the Party and the state. The last Standing Committee made significant achievements in tracking and overseeing these problems over the course of five consecutive years. Last year the Standing Committee heard and deliberated the State Council's report on spurring steady increase in rural incomes and related reports and made important suggestions on how to do a good job in work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers. It investigated compliance with the Law on Specialized Farmer Cooperatives and acquired an in-depth understanding of the development of all types of specialized farmer cooperatives and the major problems facing them. We called for the implementation of all the policy support stipulated by the law to enable them to play a bigger role in strengthening the organization of farmers and guiding them in competing in domestic and international markets. The oversight by the NPC effectively promoted the building of a new socialist countryside. Thanks to the concerted efforts of the State Council, local governments at all levels and farmers, the growth rate of rural per capita net income reached 8% in 2008 following an annual increase of over 300 yuan or more than 6% over the previous four years running. Both total output and the yield per unit area reached an all-time high in the same year. By the end of 2008, the number of specialized farmer cooperatives nationwide exceeded 110,000, covering over 1.4 million households. The average annual income of rural households that have joined the cooperatives was more than 20% higher than that of those that have not. While fully confirming these achievements, members of the Standing Committee also pointed out that we needed to attach great importance to problems such as the still low overall income level of farmers, the widening income gap between urban and rural residents, the declining comparative returns from agriculture, backward agricultural infrastructure, and new difficulties facing rural workers looking for nonagricultural employment. They also pointed out the need to effectively promote rural reform, significantly increase our funding for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, strictly protect arable land, gradually make the prices of grain and other agricultural products more reasonable, constantly improve financial and technical services to aid agriculture and benefit farmers, support and guide the development of the non-public sector of the economy and rural workers seeking employment in a variety of nonagricultural sectors, maintain steady agricultural development and sustain increase in rural incomes.