奥巴马在第64届联合国大会上的讲话
现在,应该认识到旧的惯例、旧的观点与各国人民面临的挑战已毫无关联。这些陈规陋习引导各国采取的行动往往与自身要求实现的目标背道而驰——各国采取的投票行动,包括经常在这个机构进行的投票,也往往违背了本国人民的利益。这些陈规陋习在我们与各国人民追求的未来之间筑起一道道墙,现在是拆除这些墙的时候了。我们必须同心协力建立有助于消除旧的分歧的新同盟——由不同信仰和信念组成的同盟;由南方与北方、东方与西方、黑人与白人和黄种人组成的同盟。
The choice is ours. We can be remembered as a generation that chose to drag the arguments of the 20th century into the 21st; that put off hard choices, refused to look ahead, failed to keep pace because we defined ourselves by what we were against instead of what we were for. Or we can be a generation that chooses to see the shoreline beyond the rough waters ahead; that comes together to serve the common interests of human beings, and finally gives meaning to the promise embedded in the name given to this institution: the United Nations.
我们必须做出选择。我们这一代人可留给后人这样的记忆:把20世纪的争议带入21世纪,推迟做出艰难的选择,拒绝往前看,落后于时代,因为我们忙于设置障碍,而无暇创造未来。我们这一代人亦可留给后人另一种记忆:让我们的视野越过汹涌的波涛投向大洋彼岸,为了人类共同利益而走到一起,最终使联合国名称所蕴涵的希望开始变成现实。
That is the future America wants -- a future of peace and prosperity that we can only reach if we recognize that all nations have rights, but all nations have responsibilities as well. That is the bargain that makes this work. That must be the guiding principle of international cooperation.
这就是美国渴望的未来,一个和平与繁荣的未来,我们只有在承认所有国家拥有权利但同时又承担责任的时候才能如愿以偿。这是成功的必要条件,也必须是国际合作的指导原则。
Today, let me put forward four pillars that I believe are fundamental to the future that we want for our children: non-proliferation and disarmament; the promotion of peace and security; the preservation of our planet; and a global economy that advances opportunity for all people.
今天,我谨在此提出四大要素,我认为这些要素对我们希望为后代所创造的未来至关重要:不扩散与裁军;促进和平与安全;保护我们的地球;以及为全体人民增进机会的全球经济。
First, we must stop the spread of nuclear weapons, and seek the goal of a world without them.
首先,我们必须停止核武器的扩散,寻求一个没有核武器的世界。
This institution was founded at the dawn of the atomic age, in part because man's capacity to kill had to be contained. For decades, we averted disaster, even under the shadow of a superpower stand-off. But today, the threat of proliferation is growing in scope and complexity. If we fail to act, we will invite nuclear arms races in every region, and the prospect of wars and acts of terror on a scale that we can hardly imagine.
联合国成立于原子时代的初期,在一定程度上是为了遏制人类自相残杀的能力。几十年来,即使在超级大国对峙的阴影下,我们避免了灾难。然而,今天,扩散的威胁正在蔓延,也变得复杂化。我们如果不采取行动,就意味着鼓励各地区的核武器竞赛,战争阴影和恐怖行动蔓延的范围将超出我们的想象。
A fragile consensus stands in the way of this frightening outcome, and that is the basic bargain that shapes the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. It says that all nations have the right to peaceful nuclear energy; that nations with nuclear weapons have a responsibility to move toward disarmament; and those without them have the responsibility to forsake them. The next 12 months could be pivotal in determining whether this compact will be strengthened or will slowly dissolve.
一个脆弱的共识防范着这一令人恐惧的结局,那就是构成《核不扩散条约》(Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty)的基本条件。条约指出,所有国家有权发展和平用途的核能;拥有核武器的国家有责任向销毁武器迈进;没有核武器的国家有责任不发展核武器。该条约是得到加强还是被逐渐解除,今后十二个月可能至关重要。
America intends to keep our end of the bargain. We will pursue a new agreement with Russia to substantially reduce our strategic warheads and launchers. We will move forward with ratification of the Test Ban Treaty, and work with others to bring the treaty into force so that nuclear testing is permanently prohibited. We will complete a Nuclear Posture Review that opens the door to deeper cuts and reduces the role of nuclear weapons. And we will call upon countries to begin negotiations in January on a treaty to end the production of fissile material for weapons.
美国愿意坚持我们的承诺。我们将寻求与俄罗斯达成新协议,大幅度削减我们的战略弹头和发射器。我们将为争取《禁止核试验条约》(Test Ban Treaty)的批准而努力,并将与其他方面合作使条约生效,永远禁止核试验。我们将完成《核态势审议》(Nuclear Posture Review),从而为进一步削减核武器和减少其作用打开大门。我们将呼吁各国从明年一月开始谈判一项协议,以终止可用于武器的裂变材料的生产。
I will also host a summit next April that reaffirms each nation's responsibility to secure nuclear material on its territory, and to help those who can't -- because we must never allow a single nuclear device to fall into the hands of a violent extremist. And we will work to strengthen the institutions and initiatives that combat nuclear smuggling and theft.
我还将在明年四月主持一次高峰会议,该会议将重申各国有责任在自己国土内保障核材料安全,并为那些无法提供该保障的国家提供帮助 —— 因为我们必须确保永远不会有一个核装置落在暴力极端分子的手中。我们将致力于加强那些打击核走私与核盗窃活动的机制和计划。
All of this must support efforts to strengthen the NPT. Those nations that refuse to live up to their obligations must face consequences. Let me be clear, this is not about singling out individual nations -- it is about standing up for the rights of all nations that do live up to their responsibilities. Because a world in which IAEA inspections are avoided and the United Nation's demands are ignored will leave all people less safe, and all nations less secure.
所有这一切都必须支持加强《不扩散核武器条约》的努力。凡是拒绝履行自己义务的国家必须面对各种后果。我谨在此申明,这不是要向某些个别国家兴师问罪 – 而是维护所有履行义务的国家的权利。因为一个逃避国际原子能机构(IAEA)核查、无视联合国要求的世界将会使所有的人更不安全和所有的国家更没有保障。
In their actions to date, the governments of North Korea and Iran threaten to take us down this dangerous slope. We respect their rights as members of the community of nations. I've said before and I will repeat, I am committed to diplomacy that opens a path to greater prosperity and more secure peace for both nations if they live up to their obligations.
北韩和伊朗政府迄今为止采取的行动构成一种威胁,可能把我们推下这个危险的斜坡。我们尊重他们作为国际社会成员的权利。我以前曾经说过,¤Í在还要再说一遍:如果他们履行自己的义务,我将努力通过外交为这两个国家开辟一条通往更大繁荣和更有保障的和平的道路。
But if the governments of Iran and North Korea choose to ignore international standards; if they put the pursuit of nuclear weapons ahead of regional stability and the security and opportunity of their own people; if they are oblivious to the dangers of escalating nuclear arms races in both East Asia and the Middle East -- then they must be held accountable. The world must stand together to demonstrate that international law is not an empty promise, and that treaties will be enforced. We must insist that the future does not belong to fear.
但是,如果伊朗和北韩政府决意无视国际准则;如果他们把谋求核武器置于地区安全稳定和本国人民的机遇之上;如果他们将东亚和中东地区核军备竞赛升级的危险置之不顾 – 那么他们必须对此承担责任。全世界必须站在一起,表明国际法不是空洞的许诺,各项条约必将执行。未来不能属于恐惧,我们必须坚持这一立场。
That brings me to the second pillar for our future: the pursuit of peace.
我现在谈一下我们的未来的第二项要素:追求和平。
The United Nations was born of the belief that the people of the world can live their lives, raise their families, and resolve their differences peacefully. And yet we know that in too many parts of the world, this ideal remains an abstraction -- a distant dream. We can either accept that outcome as inevitable, and tolerate constant and crippling conflict, or we can recognize that the yearning for peace is universal, and reassert our resolve to end conflicts around the world.
联合国的建立是基于这样一种信念:全世界人民都能够正常生活,养育子女,以和平方式消除分歧。但我们知道,这个理想在世界上太多的地方仍然是一种抽象的概念 – 一种遥不可及的空想。我们面临两种选择:要么接受这样的结果,把它视为不可避免的现实,容忍造成严重损害的经常性冲突;要么认识到渴望和平是普遍的愿望,并重下决心去结束世界各地的冲突。
That effort must begin with an unshakeable determination that the murder of innocent men, women and children will never be tolerated. On this, no one can be -- there can be no dispute. The violent extremists who promote conflict by distorting faith have discredited and isolated themselves. They offer nothing but hatred and destruction. In confronting them, America will forge lasting partnerships to target terrorists, share intelligence, and coordinate law enforcement and protect our people. We will permit no safe haven for al Qaeda to launch attacks from Afghanistan or any other nation. We will stand by our friends on the front lines, as we and many nations will do in pledging support for the Pakistani people tomorrow. And we will pursue positive engagement that builds bridges among faiths, and new partnerships for opportunity.
这种努力必须始于一种不可动摇的决心:绝不容忍对无辜的男女老少进行屠杀。关于这一点,没有人能 – 不可能有任何的争辩。通过扭曲信仰来加剧冲突的暴力极端分子已经败坏了自己的名声并孤立了自己。他们带来的只是仇恨和破坏。在与他们作斗争时, 美国将打造持久的伙伴关系,以便把目标对准恐怖分子,分享情报,协调执法行动和保护人民。我们绝不允许“基地”组织有任何庇护所,并借此从阿富汗或任何其他国家发动袭击。我们将与我们的朋友共同站在第一线,正如明天我们和许多国家将要做的那样,保证为巴基斯坦人民提供援助。我们将寻求具有积极意义的接触,使这种接触在各种信仰之间架起桥梁,并建立带来机遇的新伙伴关系。
Our efforts to promote peace, however, cannot be limited to defeating violent extremists. For the most powerful weapon in our arsenal is the hope of human beings -- the belief that the future belongs to those who would build and not destroy; the confidence that conflicts can end and a new day can begin.
但是,我们促进和平的努力不能局限于战胜暴力极端分子,因为在我们的武器库内最有力的武器是人类的希望 —— 相信未来属于从事建设而不进行破坏的人们;深信冲突能够结束、新的一天能够开始。
And that is why we will support -- we will strengthen our support for effective peacekeeping, while energizing our efforts to prevent conflicts before they take hold. We will pursue a lasting peace in Sudan through support for the people of Darfur and the implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, so that we secure the peace that the Sudanese people deserve. (Applause.) And in countries ravaged by violence -- from Haiti to Congo to East Timor -- we will work with the U.N. and other partners to support an enduring peace.
因此,我们将支持 – 我们将增强我们对有效维和活动的支持;与此同时,在冲突形成之前竭力防止冲突发生。我们将通过支持达尔富尔地区的人民和《全面和平协议》的实施在苏丹寻求持久和平,这样我们将为苏丹人民获得应有的和平提供保障。在遭受暴力蹂躏的国家– 从海地到刚果到东帝汶 – 我们将与联合国及其他合作伙伴协作,支持实现持久和平。
I will also continue to seek a just and lasting peace between Israel, Palestine, and the Arab world. (Applause.) We will continue to work on that issue. Yesterday, I had a constructive meeting with Prime Minister Netanyahu and President Abbas. We have made some progress. Palestinians have strengthened their efforts on security. Israelis have facilitated greater freedom of movement for the Palestinians. As a result of these efforts on both sides, the economy in the West Bank has begun to grow. But more progress is needed. We continue to call on Palestinians to end incitement against Israel, and we continue to emphasize that America does not accept the legitimacy of continued Israeli settlements. (Applause.)
我还将继续寻求在以色列、巴勒斯坦和阿拉伯世界之间建立公正和持久的和平。(掌声)我们将继续在这个问题上作出努力。昨天,我与内塔尼亚胡(Netanyahu)总理和阿巴斯(Abbas)主席举行了一次建设性的会议。我们取得了一些进展。巴勒斯坦人加强了他们在安全方面的努力。以色列方面则扩大了巴勒斯坦人的行动自由。在双方作出这些努力后,约旦河西岸的经济已开始增长。但是,还需要取得更大的进展。我们继续呼吁巴勒斯坦人结束针对以色列的挑衅行为,我们也继续强调美国不接受以色列继续扩大定居点这一做法的合法性。(掌声)
The time has come -- the time has come to re-launch negotiations without preconditions that address the permanent status issues: security for Israelis and Palestinians, borders, refugees, and Jerusalem. And the goal is clear: Two states living side by side in peace and security -- a Jewish state of Israel, with true security for all Israelis; and a viable, independent Palestinian state with contiguous territory that ends the occupation that began in 1967, and realizes the potential of the Palestinian people. (Applause.)
这样的时刻已经来临 – 不预设条件重启谈判解决以色列人与巴勒斯坦人的安全、边界、和耶路撒冷等永久性地位问题的时刻已经来临。目标很明确:两个国家在和平与安全中并存 —— 一个是所有以色列人真正享有安全的以色列犹太国;另一个是独立的、具有生命力的巴勒斯坦国,它将重获从1967年开始被占领的大片领土,并使巴勒斯坦人民的潜能得到发挥。(掌声)
As we pursue this goal, we will also pursue peace between Israel and Lebanon, Israel and Syria, and a broader peace between Israel and its many neighbors. In pursuit of that goal, we will develop regional initiatives with multilateral participation, alongside bilateral negotiations.
当我们寻求这项目标时, 我们还将寻求以色列与黎巴嫩、以色列与叙利亚、以色列与其许多邻国之间的更广泛的和平。在寻求这项目标时,我们不仅要利用双边谈判,还将制定多方参与的地区性行动计划。
Now, I am not naïve. I know this will be difficult. But all of us -- not just the Israelis and the Palestinians, but all of us -- must decide whether we are serious about peace, or whether we will only lend it lip service. To break the old patterns, to break the cycle of insecurity and despair, all of us must say publicly what we would acknowledge in private. The United States does Israel no favors when we fail to couple an unwavering commitment to its security with an insistence that Israel respect the legitimate claims and rights of the Palestinians. (Applause.) And -- and nations within this body do the Palestinians no favors when they choose vitriolic attacks against Israel over constructive willingness to recognize Israel's legitimacy and its right to exist in peace and security. (Applause.)
我并不幼稚天真。我知道这件事并非轻而易举。但我们大家 – 不仅是以色列人和巴勒斯坦人,而是我们大家 – 必须决定我们是否真正希望实现和平,还只是口惠而实不至。为了打破旧有的模式,打破不安全和绝望的循环,我们大家必须公开说出我们私下承认的事实。美国如果不把对以色列的安全所作的坚定承诺与坚持要求以色列尊重巴勒斯坦人民的合法诉求与权利这两者结合在一起,就等于没有向以色列提供任何帮助。(掌声)如果联合国的成员国只是对以色列猛烈抨击,而不是本着建设性的态度承认以色列的合法性及其在和平与安全中生存的权利,这些国家也就没有向巴勒斯坦人提供任何帮助。(掌声)
We must remember that the greatest price of this conflict is not paid by us. It's not paid by politicians. It's paid by the Israeli girl in Sderot who closes her eyes in fear that a rocket will take her life in the middle of the night. It's paid for by the Palestinian boy in Gaza who has no clean water and no country to call his own. These are all God's children. And after all the politics and all the posturing, this is about the right of every human being to live with dignity and security. That is a lesson embedded in the three great faiths that call one small slice of Earth the Holy Land. And that is why, even though there will be setbacks and false starts and tough days, I will not waver in my pursuit of peace. (Applause.)
我们必须记住,为这场冲突付出最大代价的并不是我们,也不是政客们,而是住在斯德洛特(Sderot)的以色列女孩,她惊恐万分,闭上自己的眼睛,害怕会被半夜袭来的火箭弹夺走生命。付出代价的还有加沙(Gaza)地带的巴勒斯坦男孩,他喝不上干净的水,也没有自己的祖国。他们都是上帝的子民。在种种政治较量和种种姿态背后,最根本的是每个人都有权过有尊严和安全无虞的生活。这是将地球上这一小块地方称为圣地(Holy Land)的三大宗教的教诲。正因为如此,尽管会面临挫折、出师不利的局面和艰难的时期,我都会毫不动摇地寻求和平。(掌声)
Third, we must recognize that in the 21st century, there will be no peace unless we take responsibility for the preservation of our planet. And I thank the Secretary General for hosting the subject of climate change yesterday.
第三,我们必须认识到,在21世纪,除非我们承担起保护我们的星球的责任,否则就不会有和平。为此,我感谢秘书长昨天主持气候变化问题会议。
The danger posed by climate change cannot be denied. Our responsibility to meet it must not be deferred. If we continue down our current course, every member of this Assembly will see irreversible changes within their borders. Our efforts to end conflicts will be eclipsed by wars over refugees and resources. Development will be devastated by drought and famine. Land that human beings have lived on for millennia will disappear. Future generations will look back and wonder why we refused to act; why we failed to pass on -- why we failed to pass on an environment that was worthy of our inheritance.
气候变化构成的威胁不可否认。我们绝不能推诿应对这一威胁的责任。如果我们继续走现在这条道路,联大每一个会员国都将在本国境内看到无可补救的变化。我们制止冲突的努力将被因难民和争夺资源引发的战火耗尽。干旱和饥荒将断送促进发展的事业。人类世世代代生活的土地将会消失。子孙后代将回顾历史,责问我们为什么不采取行动;我们为什么没有留下——我们为什么没有留下一个值得为之骄傲的环境。
And that is why the days when America dragged its feet on this issue are over. We will move forward with investments to transform our energy economy, while providing incentives to make clean energy the profitable kind of energy. We will press ahead with deep cuts in emissions to reach the goals that we set for 2020, and eventually 2050. We will continue to promote renewable energy and efficiency, and share new technologies with countries around the world. And we will seize every opportunity for progress to address this threat in a cooperative effort with the entire world.
因此,美国在这个问题上步履迟缓的时期结束了。我们将向前迈进,投资于我国能源经济的转型,同时通过鼓励措施使清洁能源变成有益的能源。我们将积极推行大幅度减排,实现我们到2020年要实现的目标,并最终实现2050年的既定目标。我们将继续提倡可再生能源和节能,并同世界各国分享新技术。我们将抓住一切寻求进展的机会,同全世界同心协力应对这一威胁。
And those wealthy nations that did so much damage to the environment in the 20th century must accept our obligation to lead. But responsibility does not end there. While we must acknowledge the need for differentiated responses, any effort to curb carbon emissions must include the fast-growing carbon emitters who can do more to reduce their air pollution without inhibiting growth. And any effort that fails to help the poorest nations both adapt to the problems that climate change have already wrought and help them travel a path of clean development simply will not work.
对于所有在20世纪给环境造成了如此严重破坏的富裕国家,我们必须尽自己的义务,率先采取行动。但责任不限于此。尽管我们必须承认,应对行动应该区别对待,但任何限制碳排放的努力都必须将碳排放量增长迅速的国家包括在内,这些国家能在不阻碍发展的情况下为降低空气污染做出更多的努力。任何方案都需要一方面帮助最贫困的国家应对气候变化已经造成问题,另一方面帮助它们走上清洁发展的道路。如果无法两者兼顾,则根本无法取得成效。
It's hard to change something as fundamental as how we use energy. I know that. It's even harder to do so in the midst of a global recession. Certainly, it will be tempting to sit back and wait for others to move first. But we cannot make this journey unless we all move forward together. As we head into Copenhagen, let us resolve to focus on what each of us can do for the sake of our common future.
改变我们使用能源的方式是一个基本问题,做到这一点并不容易。我知道这一点。在全球陷入衰退的时期这样做,甚至更加困难。当然,难免会有坐等他人首先采取行动的想法。但除非我们所有的人共同行动,否则就无法踏上这一征程。在我们准备出席哥本哈根(Copenhagen)会议之际,让我们痛下决心,集中精力去做我们每个人能为我们共同的未来所做的事情。
And this leads me to the final pillar that must fortify our future: a global economy that advances opportunity for all people.
现在,我将谈到支撑我们的未来的最后一个要素:为所有的人增进机会的全球经济。
The world is still recovering from the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. In America, we see the engine of growth beginning to churn, and yet many still struggle to find a job or pay their bills. Across the globe, we find promising signs, but little certainty about what lies ahead. And far too many people in far too many places live through the daily crises that challenge our humanity -- the despair of an empty stomach; the thirst brought on by dwindling water supplies; the injustice of a child dying from a treatable disease; or a mother losing her life as she gives birth.
全世界经历了自大萧条(Great Depression)以来最严重的一场经济危机,目前还在复苏之中。在美国,我们看到增长的引擎开始转动,但很多人仍然找不到工作,入不敷出。在全球各地,我们看到了可喜的迹象,但前景仍无定数。在太多的地方,有太多的人每天都生活在挑战人生的艰辛之中——饥肠辘辘,顿生绝望;供水短缺,干渴难熬;疾病可治,但患病儿童却死于不公正;或者出现产妇在生育过程中死亡的惨剧。
In Pittsburgh, we will work with the world's largest economies to chart a course for growth that is balanced and sustained. That means vigilance to ensure that we do not let up until our people are back to work. That means taking steps to rekindle demand so that global recovery can be sustained. And that means setting new rules of the road and strengthening regulation for all financial centers, so that we put an end to the greed and the excess and the abuse that led us into this disaster, and prevent a crisis like this from ever happening again.
在匹兹堡(Pittsburgh),我们将同全世界最大的经济体共同开辟一条均衡的、可持续增长的道路。这意味着高度负责,毫不松懈,直到我们的人民获得重新就业。意味着采取措施重新促进需求,保证全球复苏持续进行。这还意味着确立新的行为准则,并增强对所有金融中心的监管,以便铲除将我们带进这场灾难的贪婪、无节制和渎职行为,杜绝这样的危机再度发生。
At a time of such interdependence, we have a moral and pragmatic interest, however, in broader questions of development -- the questions of development that existed even before this crisis happened. And so America will continue our historic effort to help people feed themselves. We have set aside $63 billion to carry forward the fight against HIV/AIDS, to end deaths from tuberculosis and malaria, to eradicate polio, and to strengthen public health systems. We are joining with other countries to contribute H1N1 vaccines to the World Health Organization. We will integrate more economies into a system of global trade. We will support the Millennium Development Goals, and approach next year's summit with a global plan to make them a reality. And we will set our sights on the eradication of extreme poverty in our time.
然而,在这个如此相互依存的时代,我们在更宽泛的发展问题上有着道义上和实际的利益——有关发展的种种问题在这场危机爆发前就已经存在。因此,美国将继续发扬历史传统,帮助人民吃饱穿暖。我们已拨款630亿美元继续进行防治艾滋病病毒/艾滋病(HIV/AIDS)的工作,挽救结核病和疟疾患者的生命,根治小儿麻痹症,并增强公共医疗体制。我们同其他国家共同向世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)捐赠H1N1疫苗。我们将帮助更多的经济体加入全球贸易体系。我们将支持千年发展目标,并将在明年的峰会上提出一项实现这些目标的全球计划。我们还将力争在我们这个时代根除极端贫困的现象。
Now is the time for all of us to do our part. Growth will not be sustained or shared unless all nations embrace their responsibilities. And that means that wealthy nations must open their markets to more goods and extend a hand to those with less, while reforming international institutions to give more nations a greater voice. And developing nations must root out the corruption that is an obstacle to progress -- for opportunity cannot thrive where individuals are oppressed and business have to pay bribes. That is why we support honest police and independent judges; civil society and a vibrant private sector. Our goal is simple: a global economy in which growth is sustained, and opportunity is available to all.
现在是我们所有的人尽力而为的时候了。只有所有国家都承担起责任,才能实现可持续增长或共同增长。这意味着富裕国家必须向更多的商品开放市场,并向不太富裕的国家伸出援手,同时改革国际机制,使更多的国家拥有更大的发言权。发展中国家必须根除阻碍进步的腐败现象——因为在人民遭受压迫、工商企业不得不行贿的地方不会出现机遇。这因为如此,我们支持廉正的警察和独立的法官;支持公民社会和一个欣欣向荣的民营部门。我们的目标简单明了:全球经济实现可持续增长,让所有的人都享有机会。