名人教你讲英文:工业革命的终结?
名人教英文:工业革命的终结?
今次美国总统大选,经济是首要议题。《纽约时报》近日刊登题为no more industrial revolutions? 的文章,讨论经济转型。文章说:
the american economy is running on empty. that's the hypothesis (假设) put forward by robert j gordon, an economist at northwestern university.... in his widely discussed national bureau of economic research paper, "is us economic growth over?", gordon predicts (预测) a dark future of "epochal decline in growth from the us record of the last 150 years."
running on empty这个惯用语字面解作汽车没油了,实质指乏力。经济学者robert j gordon预言美国将面临150年未见的epochal decline in growth,即划时代的衰退。他认为主因是美国目前缺乏伟大的创新:
the greatest innovations, gordon argues, are behind us, with little prospect for transformative change along the lines of the three previous industrial revolutions.
behind us的意思是“已成过去”。(例:we have put our argument behind us.)little prospect即“机会微”,transformative change或者transformational change即“重大变革”,along the lines of即“近似于”。gordon认为,美国不太可能作出类似过往三次工业革命的变革。第一次工业革命(1750年至1830年)由蒸汽机和铁路来推动,第二次工业革命(1870年至1972年)由电力(electricity)、内燃发动机(internal combustion engine)、化学品(chemicals)来带动;第三次工业革命(1960年至今)则由计算机、互联网、流动电话等信息和通讯科技(information and communications technology)推进。
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