美媒：耐克和阿迪达斯开始搬离中国 这是闹哪出？

For decades, China was considered to be “The World’s Factory” with many large brands manufacturing a wide range of products from footwear to high end electronics in China, taking advantage of the low wages and favorable government policies. However, recent wage hikes and environmental restrictions have increased production costs in China. Manufacturers like Adidas and Nike are moving the production of their footwear to other countries where the cost of manufacturing remains lower, with Vietnam quickly becoming one of the largest manufacturers and exporters of footwear in the world.

几十年来，中国一直被认为是“世界工厂”，许多大品牌利用低工资和有利的政府政策特点在中国制造从鞋类到高端电子产品等广泛产品。然而，最近的工资上涨和环境限制因素提高了中国的生产成本。像阿迪达斯和耐克这样的制造商正在将他们的鞋子生产转移到制造成本更低的其他国家，越南很快将成为全球最大的鞋类制造商和出口商之一。

The recent trade war between China and the United States again highlighted the risk of manufacturing in a single country. Many fashion companies, especially footwear manufacturers are changing their sourcing strategy from China to Vietnam. These companies hope that diversifying manufacturing to Vietnam will reduce the risk of sourcing mainly from China, and also help them get a better price, as the wages and cost of living in Vietnam are substantially lower compared to China. A 2017 U.S Fashion Industry Association survey of apparel-sourcing executives noted “The most common sourcing model is shifting from ‘China Plus Many’ to ‘China Plus Vietnam Plus Many.”

最近中美之间的贸易战再次凸显了单一国家制造业的风险。许多时装公司，尤其是鞋类制造商正在将其采购策略从中国转向越南。这些公司希望越南制造业的多样化可以降低主要来自中国的采购风险，并且帮助他们获得更好的价格，因为越南的工资和生活成本远低于中国。2017年美国时尚行业协会对服装采购高管的调查显示：“最常见的采购模式正在从”中国+“转向”中国+越南+”。

As the living standard in China increases, factories are increasingly focusing on manufacturing high end electronics and other expensive and more complex items for global markets using the more skilled labor available, and manufacturing of low tech products like clothing and footwear is increasingly shifting to South Asian countries like Vietnam where overhead is far less. US fashion firms are, on the average, sourcing 30 to 50 percent of their products from China, 11 to 30 percent from Vietnam and the rest from other countries like Indonesia.

随着中国生活水平的提高，工厂越来越注重为全球市场制造高端电子产品和其他昂贵而复杂的产品，并使用更多的技术劳动力，制造诸如服装和鞋类等低科技产品越来越多地转向南亚像越南这样的国家，开销要少得多。美国时装公司平均从中国采购30％至50％的产品，其中11％至30％来自越南，其余来自印度尼西亚等其他国家。

Since 2010, Adidas, one of the most well-known footwear brands worldwide has halved production of footwear in China, shifting production to Vietnam and other countries. Vietnam is now the leading manufacturer of Adidas footwear in the world, followed by Indonesia which has also overtaken China in the production of Adidas products. The Vietnam Footwear trade association also confirmed that major brands like Puma and Timberland were transferring orders from their factories in China and Bangladesh to their Vietnam factories. Media sources also reported that the Japanese fashion business Uniqlo increased its sourcing from Vietnam by approximately 40% in the last year indicating that Vietnam is becoming the preferred fashion manufacturing destination worldwide.

自2010年以来，全球最知名的鞋类品牌之一阿迪达斯在中国的鞋类产量减半，生产转移至越南等国家。越南现在是世界领先的阿迪达斯鞋类制造商，其次是印度尼西亚，它也已经超过了中国所生产阿迪达斯产品。越南鞋业贸易协会也证实，Puma和Timberland等主要品牌正将其在中国和孟加拉的工厂的订单转移到其越南工厂。媒体消息人士还报道说，日本时装企业优衣库在去年增加从越南的采购量约40％，这表明越南正在成为全球首选的时尚制造基地。

When asked about the future of manufacturing for his company in China, Adidas CEO Kasper Rorsted said “China is still important for sourcing, but Vietnam is rising and I’m not going to rule out that this trend is going to continue.”

当被问及阿迪达斯中国制造公司未来的时候，阿迪达斯首席执行官Kasper Rorsted说：“中国对采购来说依然重要，但越南正在崛起，我不排除这种趋势将持续下去。”