大学英语自学教程 下册 un10

[11:29.45]Americans have learned much about the way in which the system can be managed
[11:32.23]美国人对两党制和管理方式已经有了很多了解,
[11:35.01]so as to make possible the peaceful trans fer of powerfrom one party to the other.
[11:38.14]以使权力能够和平地从一个政党移交到另一个政党.
[11:41.26]At the level of presidential elections,
[11:43.24]在总统选举中,
[11:45.23]the party in power has been overturned by the party out of power nineteen times,
[11:48.35]执政党已被在野党击败了19次,
[11:51.47]almost once a decade.
[11:53.05]几乎每十年一次.
[11:54.63]In the election of 1860,the political system broke down and the Civil War,
[11:58.21]在1860年的选举中,这种政治制度中断了.
[12:01.79]the worst disaster American history,resulted.
[12:04.02]这是因为南北战争--美国历史上最大的灾难所致.
[12:06.26]Our history justifies our confidence in the system
[12:08.48]我国(美国)的历史证明我们有理由对这一制度保持信心,
[12:10.70]but also shows that it is not foolproof.
[12:12.83]但历史也表明这一制度不是万无一失的.
[12:14.96]The second major party is able to survive a defeat
[12:19.50]because the statistical tendency that exaggerates the victory of the winning party
[12:22.47]  第二大党能在失败下继续生存,因为夸大获胜党的统计
[12:25.43]operates even more strongly in favor of the second party
[12:27.91]甚而更有力地支持第二大党,
[12:30.39]against the third,fourth,and fifth parties,
[12:32.72]反对第三,第四,第五党派.
[12:35.04]As a result,
[12:36.43]因此,
[12:37.81]the defeated major party is able to maintaina monopoly of the opposition.
[12:40.74]失败的大学能够保持对立的垄断.
[12:43.66]The advantage of the second party over the third is so great,
[12:46.16]第二大党相对于第三派有巨大的优势,
[12:48.65]that it is the only party that is likely to be able to overturn the party in power.
[12:51.88]它是惟一可能击败执政党的党派.
[12:55.11]It is able,therefore,
[12:58.66]to attract the support of everyone seriously opposed to the party in power.
[13:01.54]因此,能够吸引强烈反对执政党的每一个党派的支持.
[13:04.43]The second party is important
[13:08.27]as long as it can monopolize the movement to overthrow the party in power,
[13:11.25]只要第二大党能够垄断击败执政党的运动,它就是重要的,
[13:14.23]because it is certain to come into power sooner or later.
[13:16.96]因为迟早它肯定能上台执政.
[13:19.69]Another consequence of the two-party system
[13:22.26]两党制另一个结果是:
[13:24.83]is that where as minor parties are likely to identify themselves
[13:30.19]with special interests or special programs and thus take extreme positions
[13:33.47]鉴于小党派可能把自己与特殊的利益和特殊的纲领认同为一,
[13:36.74]the major parties are so large that they tend to be moderate.
[13:39.38]因而采取极端立场,而大党很大所以倾向于温和.
[13:42.02]Evidence of the moderation of the major parties
[13:46.28]is that much business is conducted across party Lines.
[13:48.76]大党的温和倾向的证据是许多事物都是超越党派界限进行的.
[13:51.24]What happens when the Democrats control one house of Congress
[13:56.10]and the Republicans control the other?
[13:57.98]当民主党控制国会的一个院而共和党控制另一个院时,会发生什么呢?
[13:59.86]About the same volume of legislation is passed
[14:02.15]像一个党控制国会两院一样,
[14:04.43]as when one party controls both houses,
[14:06.62]大约相同卷册的法规会得到批准,
[14:08.80]although some important legislation is likely to be blocked temporarily
[14:11.83]虽然一些重要法规可能被搁置.
[14:14.86]It is possible to carry on the work of the government
[14:17.04]政府工作还是能够进行的.
[14:19.22]even when party control is divided
[14:21.10]即使两个党控制不同部门时,
[14:22.98]because party differences are not fundamental.
[14:25.16]因为党派的分歧不是根本的,