大学英语自学教程 下册 un09

[00:00.00]Unit 9 text A
[00:04.99]Aging is European Countries
[00:07.56]欧洲国家的老龄化
[00:10.14]We have to realise how old,how very old,we are.
[00:13.56]我们不得不认识到我们多大岁数了,有多老了.
[00:16.98]Nations are classified as"aged"
[00:22.83]when they have 7 per centor more of their people aged 65 or above,
[00:26.71]当有7%或更多的人65岁或者说65岁以上时,
[00:30.59]and by about 1970 every one of the advanced countries had become like this
[00:39.55]Of the really ancient societies,
[00:41.73]这个国家就被列入老龄化国家之列.到大约1970年,第一个发达国家都成了这样的国家.
[00:43.91]with over 13 per cent above 65all are in Northwestern Europe.
[00:48.24]65岁以上的人超过13%的老年人社会,都在西北欧.
[00:52.56]At the beginning of the 1980's East Germany had 15.6 per centAustria,Sweden,
[01:02.69]West Germany and France had 13.4 per centor above,
[01:06.02]20世纪80年代初,东德有15.6%,奥地利,瑞典,西德和法国有13.4或更大高,
[01:09.36]and England and Wales 13.3 per cent.
[01:12.44]英格兰和威尔士有13.3%,
[01:15.52]Scotland had 12.3 per cent.
[01:18.15]英格兰12.3%,
[01:20.77]Northern Ireland 10.8 per centand the United States 9.9 per cent.
[01:25.50]北爱尔兰有10.8%,美国有9.9%.
[01:30.23]We know that we are getting even older
[01:32.75]我知道我们在变得越来越老,
[01:35.27]and that the nearer a society approximates to zero population growth;
[01:38.95]人口增长率接近于零的社会离我们接近,
[01:42.64]the older its population is likely to be--
[01:45.12]人口越可能老龄化,
[01:47.60]at leastfor any future that concerns us now.
[01:52.64]To these now familiar facts a number of further facts may be added
[01:56.27]至少就与我们直接相关的未来来说是这样的.
[01:59.90]some of them only recently recognised.
[02:02.24]许多更大进一步的现实,
[02:04.58]There is the apparent paradox that the effective cause
[02:07.70]其中一些只是近来才认识到,
[02:10.82]of the high proportion of the old is births rather than deaths.
[02:14.24]造成老年人比率高的有效原因是出生人数而不是死亡人数.
[02:17.67]There is the economic principle'that the dependency ratio
[02:20.80]有这样一条经济原则:
[02:23.93]the degree to which thom who cannot earn depend lot a living on those who can--
[02:27.51]抚养率---不能挣钱生活的人依靠能挣钱养家的人的程度
[02:31.09]is more advantageous in older societies like ours
[02:37.26]than in the younger societies of the developing world,
[02:39.83]---在我们这机关报更为老龄化的社会里比在发展中世界的较年轻社会里要有利一些,
[02:42.40]because lots of dependent babies
[02:47.68]are more of a liability than numbers of the inactive aged.
[02:50.71]因为大量的沿需抚养的孩子与一定数量的不能工作的老年人相比,更是个负担.
[02:53.74]There is the appreciation of the salient historical truth
[02:56.77]有对这样一个明显的历史真实的正确评价:
[02:59.80]that the aging of advanced societies has been a sudden change.
[03:03.18]先进社会的老龄化都是一种突变.
[03:06.57]If "revolution" is a rapid resettlement of the social structure,
[03:09.70]  如果"革命"是对社会结构的迅速重建,
[03:12.84]and if the age composition of the society counts as a very
[03:19.50]important aspect of that social structure,
[03:21.93]如果社会的年龄构成被看做社会结构的一个非常重要的方面,
[03:24.36]then there has been a social revolution in European and
[03:27.44]如果社会的年龄构成被看做社会结构的一个非常重要的方面,
[03:30.52]particularly Western European society with in the lifetime of everyone over 50.
[03:34.60]那么在欧洲特别是第一个人的生命超过50岁的西欧,
[03:38.67]Taken together,these things have implications which are
[03:44.73]only beginning to be acknowledged.
[03:46.77]已经有一场革命.总之,这其中的含义只是刚刚开始被人们认识到.
[03:48.81]These facts and circunstances were well to the fore earlier this year
[03:53.34]这些事实和情况早些时候在法国维希举行的一个世界大会上被
[03:57.87]at a world gathering about aging as a challenge to science and to policy,
[04:01.96]视为对科学和政策的挑战而置于显著的地位.
[04:06.05]held at Vichy in France.
[04:10.41]There is often resistance to the idea that it is
[04:12.84]我们人口的老龄化,