经济学人下载:森林禁令

By coincidence, Central Kalimantan has been picked as the pilot province for the national REDD scheme—against fierce competition from other places scenting the cash on offer. Norway has already disbursed $30m. It has helped to produce a suitcase-sized book of 280 maps that is buckling the desk in the Jakarta office of Kuntoro Mangkusubroto, head of Mr Yudhoyono’s “delivery unit”, who is entrusted with implementing REDD. The maps are to be attached to a long-overdue presidential decree meant to formalise the moratorium. But both maps and decree are controversial. The maps show, in dark green, Indonesia’s virgin jungle and, in a lighter shade, the secondary forest which, in many places, surrounds it. In Mr Kuntoro’s favoured draft of the decree, the moratorium would cover all the green splodges. A rival draft, by the forestry ministry, would cover just virgin forest—much of which, activists say, is in theory protected anyway.

与此同时,中加里曼丹为了赢得金钱在与其他地方激烈的竞争中取胜被选为全国REDD计划的试点省.挪威已经支付了30百万美元给中加里曼丹.这些钱帮助中加里曼丹制造了一本含有280页地图的盒装书，这书被放到Kuntoro Mangkusubroto所在的雅加达办公室，在Yudhoyono先生之前，他被委托实施REDD计划。该地图附带了一份被推迟了很久的总统法令，意思是想使禁令正式化。但是不管是地图还是禁令都备受争议。地图上显示，在印度尼西亚深绿色的原始森林周围有一个比较浅的阴影，在那里有许多地方被再生林包围。受Kuntoro先生欢迎的禁令草案是暂停砍伐的范围包括所有绿色部分，而另外一份林业部的与之相对的草案，却只包括原始森林。但是据活动家所说，不管是原始森林还是再生林，在理论上都应该受到保护。

Money still grows on trees
钱仍然长在树上

Both the Norwegians and Mr Kuntoro play down the importance of the delay in issuing the decree, and indeed of the moratorium itself. They argue that it matters most as a means to an end: a radical overhaul of Indonesia’s land-use and forest-management systems. These have long been riddled with corruption. Under the 32-year dictatorship of Suharto, which ended in 1998, forest concessions became weapons in the armoury of crony capitalism. Such traditions are hard to break.

挪威人和Kuntoro先生都对推迟发行法令的重要性不太重视,实际上禁令本身也是如此.他们认为这最重要的是作为一种达到目的的手段:是对印度尼西亚土地使用和森林管理系统的一次彻底的审查.它们长期以来充斥着贪污腐败.在长达32年并于1998年结束的的苏哈托独裁政权的统治下,森林优惠变成了发展裙带资本主义的有利武器,这种传统很难被打破.

Much hope is invested in Mr Kuntoro himself, perhaps Indonesia’s most respected civil servant. But success will depend on the political will of the president. Erik Solheim, Norway’s minister in charge of the environment and development, points to the encouraging example of Brazil, which has cut deforestation rates by 70% in five years. Indonesia, he concedes, “is harder”. Ms Galdikas knows what he means. “They all talk a wonderful talk,” she says, “but the forest keeps getting destroyed.”

大部分希望还是要寄予Kuntoro先生自己，他或许是印度尼西亚最受尊敬的公民，但是要想成功的话还是要看该总统的政治意愿。Erik Solheim是挪威负责环境与发展的部长，他提到了巴西这个鼓舞人心的榜样，该国家在5年之内把森林砍伐率降低了70%。印度尼西亚与之相比，他承认：“可能会困难点”。Galdikas女士明白她的意思. “他们只会说漂亮话，”她说，“但是森林还是不断受到破坏”。