经济学人下载:中国人口老化

In search of cheap young workers
寻求廉价劳动力

Still, the redrawing of China’s economic map is unmistakable. A decade ago, impoverished migrants gathered outside factories in cities like Dongguan, desperate for work. Now Dongguan’s streets are full of banners and notices advertising jobs. Wage rises are beginning to accelerate. According to Stephen Green of Standard Chartered, they have risen by 9-15% this year in the Pearl River Delta around Dongguan. Part of the increase is government-driven. Local authorities （local governments）have been raising minimum wages, and the new five-year plan calls for increases averaging 13% annually, nearly twice as fast as the target for GDP growth. But the main reason is a diminishing labour supply, helped in the delta by an uptick in labour activism. A local academic says that a strike at a Honda car-parts factory last year provoked more than 200 copycat strikes and protests.

尽管如此，重绘中国的经济地图是必然的。十年前，穷困的农民工聚集到像东莞这样的城市的工厂外，拼命地工作。现在，在东莞的街头，遍布着招聘广告的横幅和公告。东莞的工资上涨开始加速了。根据渣打银行的Stephen Green所说，今年，东莞附近的珠三角城市里的工资都上涨了9%到15%。工资上涨部分是政府推进的。当地政府提高离最低工资限额，并且在政府的新的五年计划中，要求工资每年平均上涨13%，这将近比当地gdp计划增长速度快两倍。但是，工资上涨的主要原因是劳动力供给的缩减，这是由于珠三角地区势头高涨的劳动激进主义运动。一位当地的学者指出，去年在本田汽车配件工厂里的一个罢工工人至少激起了200个罢工者和抗议者的盲目追随。

Manufacturing is beginning to move inland to areas where labour is more plentiful and cheaper. Chongqing has been a big beneficiary. Morgan Stanley says the city is turning into the largest laptop manufacturing base in Asia. Its electronics industry is expected to create hundreds of thousands of jobs. Foreigners invested $6.3 billion in Chongqing in 2010, up by 58% on the year before.

制造业因劳动力成本的上升开始向劳动力更充足更廉价的内地迁移。重庆成为了一个巨大受益者。摩根斯坦利投资公司说，重庆正在转型成亚洲最大的笔记本电脑制造基地。重庆的电子制造业预计会创造成千上百万的就业岗位。在2010年，国外投资商在重庆投资了63亿美元，比2009年的投资额高出了58%。