经济学人下载:中国的外卖厨房-缅甸

Those displaced are not the only onesworrying about the project. The project abuts territory controlled by theKachin Independence Organisation (KIO), one of a plethora of ethnicinsurgencies that have battled the central government for decades. Last yearseveral bombs exploded at the dam site and in May the KIO warned that if thedam were not stopped it would lead to civil war. The KIO’s armed wing recentlyengaged in skirmishes with government forces, despite a notional ceasefire.

那些移民并非只是对该工程表示担忧的唯一群体。该工程的毗邻地区处在克钦独立组织（KIO）的控制之下，而在过去几十年中，众多部落叛军团体纷纷与中央政府为敌，这个组织只是其中的一员。去年，数枚炸弹在坝址引爆，五月份克钦独立组织（KIO）又警告说，如果大坝不停工，将引发内战。尽管在名义上已经达成停火，但克钦独立组织（KIO）的武装派别近来多次与政府军发生小规模冲突。

The KIO was banned from last year’selection in Myanmarbecause it refused to let its fighters join the government’s “border securityforce”. Its threat came as Myanmar’snewly installed “civilian” president, Thein Sein, a former general, embarked ona state visit to China.

克钦独立组织（KIO）被禁止参加去年的缅甸大选，因为它拒绝让自己的士兵加入政府组建的“边防安全部队”。当缅甸新近当选的“平民”总统登盛（以前做过将军）开始访问中国时，克钦独立组织（KIO）就蠢蠢欲动了。

China has a big stake in Myanmar.It is the country’s leading foreign investor. Myitsone is one of manyhydropower, mining and infrastructure projects there. China’s mostambitious undertaking is a new deep-sea port for oil tankers. Due forcompletion in 2013, it will take gas from Myanmar’soffshore Shwe field and will have the capacity to satisfy 10% of China’soil-import needs.

中国在缅甸拥有重大利益，是该国重要的外国投资者。密松水电站是中国在那里修建的众多水电站、矿产和基础设施工程之一。其中，中国所承揽的最为雄心勃勃的工程是一个深海油轮码头，它将在2013年竣工，届时它将负责转运缅甸近海丹瑞气田的天然气，而且将能够满足10%的中国石油进口需求。

These close ties are not entirelycomfortable for either side. Between 1mand 2m Chinese citizens have movedinto northern Myanmar.They dominate the jade-and-gem trade, push up land prices and flaunt theirwealth in Mandalayand Myitkyina, where all the posh cars have Chinese number plates. Localresentment is growing. Church leaders in Myitkyina say Chinese people make upmore than half the population. Many Burmese say their northern states are likea Chinese province.

这些紧密联系没有让双方完全满意。有一百万到二百万中国人已经迁移到了缅甸北部。在曼德勒和密支那，他们垄断了玉石贸易，推高了土地价格，还经常炫耀自己的财富。在这两个城市，所有的豪华车都挂着中国的车牌。当地人的怨气变得越来越大。密支那的宗教领袖表示，中国人占当地人口的多一半。许多缅甸人都说，他们的北部各邦俨然就是中国的一个省份。

China,for its part, worries about the security of its investments and people. In thepast it has leaned on Myanmar’sleaders to prevent fighting between the army and the ethnic insurgencies. Whenconflict broke out in 2009 with the Kokang, an ethnic-Han-Chinese minority,37,000 people fled to China,provoking sharp criticism of the Burmese junta.

中国方面则担心其投资和人员的安全。在过去，中国一直依赖缅甸领导人来阻止军队和部落叛军之间的冲突。在2009年，当少数族裔汉族与果敢爆发冲突时，37000人逃往中国，缅甸军政府受到强烈批评。