经济学人下载:中国的海外投资

That stance will have big consequences. China’s foreign direct investment to date has focused on securing the energy and resources that its industrialising economy craves. Chinese money has been visible in Asia, Africa and Latin America, buying up everything from copper mines in Peru and farmland in Tanzania to aluminium smelters in Australia. But the next stage in China’s emergence is under way and it will centre on Europe.

这种立场将会产生巨大的影响。中国至今的对外直接投资都是集中在牢牢把握能源资源方面，那些可以满足工业化经济的资源。中国的投资可以在亚洲，非洲，拉丁美洲都可被看到，从秘鲁的铜矿，坦桑尼亚的农田到澳大利亚的铝矿熔炉，他们统统全部买下。中国下一阶段的计划显然就是当下正在做的并把中心移至欧洲。

To understand why, consider each of the world’s three largest economic powers in turn. China wants to climb the development ladder. Its burgeoning domestic markets are fiercely contested, so its firms want new sources of advantage like Western brands and marketing expertise. Its export-oriented firms want to lock in closer ties with end-customers.

想知道为什么吗？以此考虑一下世界三个大经济体的力量吧。中国想要搭上这次发展的快车。它自己国内快速发展的市场竞争激烈，所以中国的公司想要一些新的优势资源，比如像欧洲的品牌和市场经验，出口导向的公司希望和终端消费者靠的更近一些。

America is the natural place for China to turn to but the economic relationship between the superpower and the dragon breathing down its neck is fraught. Ever since CNOOC, a state-controlled Chinese oil firm, was forced out of the bidding for California’s Unocal in 2005 by congressional and media critics, many big Chinese companies have regarded America as fundamentally hostile to their investments.

美国最自然是中国企业转移的最佳地方，但是这个超级大国和他鼻子下呼吸的中国龙的经济关系并不是那么的令人愉快。自从2005年中海油——中国国有控制的石油公司——被国会和媒体批评家从加州优尼科公司的竞价中强制哄走后，好多中国公司都认为美国对他们投资存在根本敌意。

This perception is not entirely fair. The process for screening inward investments into America on security grounds does not appear to discriminate against China. But Chinese companies wanting to buy American assets must be prepared to risk public attacks by wealthy lobby groups and frothing congressmen. Many choose to avoid America instead. A report by the Asia Society in Washington, DC, says that scaremongering about China could lead America to forfeit a share of $1 trillion-worth of outward Chinese direct investment by 2020.

这种认识并不是公平的。对进入美国的对内投资进行程序的审查并不能表示是对中国的歧视。中国公司想要购买美国资产必须做好应对来自富人游说团体和国会议员攻击的风险。但是很多都选择避开美国。一份来自华盛顿的亚洲社会显示，到2020年，对中国散布的谣言将会是使美国丧失一份价值1万亿美元的中国直接对外投资。

More of that cash is instead heading to Europe. Investment bankers there are now sure to dial Chinese clients if they hear that a firm is a possible bid target. Chinese banks are rapidly increasing their presence in Europe. Mainlanders are snapping up central London residences. Chinese direct investment abroad has increased faster in Europe than in any other region.

更甚的是，现金转而都流向了欧洲，现在，投资银行听到一公司可能会有竞标的投资目标，就一定会给中国的客户打电话咨询。中国的银行在欧洲出现的次数也快速的增多起来。中国人正在抢购伦敦市中心的豪宅。中国在欧洲的直接投资增长速度超过了其他任何地方。