经济学人下载:战争、和平与爱情

For Grossman, the Nazi and Soviet systems and ideologies had far more similarities than differences. Both were directed at crushing the ultimate qualities of kindness and individuality. Though he yearned for the defeat of the fascist invaders, he makes German soldiers out to be not monsters, but like their Soviet counterparts—humans consigned to an inhuman mincing machine. The zealots, bigots and creeps on both sides come across with equal clarity. His portrait of the state-sponsored anti-Semitism directed against the Soviet physicist, Viktor Shtrum, is especially chilling, set against the jovially run gas chambers on the other side of the front-line.

在格罗斯曼看来，纳粹和苏联在制度和意识形态上的相似之处远远大于不同之处。两者的最终目标都是摧毁仁慈的品质和个人特性。虽然他渴望打败法西斯侵略者，但在他的笔下德国士兵不是怪物，而是象苏联士兵一样的人，被训练成了残忍的杀人机器。双方的痴迷分子、偏执狂和卑鄙小人都同样清楚地跃然纸上。苏联针对苏联物理学家维克托．斯特垆坶发起的反犹太主义，在他的刻画之下令人特别心寒，堪比前线另一边快活运行的毒气室。

Eventually the book took off and “Life and Fate” is now considered one of the most important Russian novels of the last century. Some see it as a c ounterpart to Leo Tolstoy’s “War and Peace” (though it is more readable). Its greatest devotees praise it even more extravagantly.

这本书最终飞黄腾达了，现在《生活与命运》被尊为上世纪俄罗斯最重要的小说之一。一些人把它与列夫．托尔斯泰的《战争与和平》相提并论，不过它更具可读性。极度热爱这本书的人对它的赞美更是不遗余力。

Now Radio 4, an important BBC domestic station, has taken the bold decision to dramatise the book and broadcast it over the course of a week, using every drama slot in the schedules and a cast of stars. Shtrum is played by Kenneth Branagh, his wife Lyuda by Greta Scacchi and his mother Anna by Janet Suzman. One highlight is when Anna reads, in a single 15-minute segment, a letter—in effect a lament for all east European Jewry—written while she is close to death in the ghetto in Berdichev, in Nazi-occupied Ukraine.

现在，英国广播公司重要的国内电台4台做出了大胆的决定，把这本书改编成广播剧，采用明星阵容，利用一切可以利用的戏剧时段，耗时一整周来播出它。斯特垆坶由肯尼斯．布拉纳饰演，他的妻子莉尤达由格里塔．斯卡奇饰演，而他母亲安娜的饰演者是珍妮特．舒兹曼。该剧的亮点之一是安娜的一个15分钟独白段，当时她在读一封信，这封信实际上是为东欧所有的犹太人恸哭，写这封信时她在纳粹占领下的乌克兰别尔季切夫犹太人区正濒临死亡。

Radio drama has its limitations. The grittiness of Grossman’s dialogue becomes a little bland in the well-modulated voices of the British actors. Sound effects and grumpy asides do not fully convey the lice and foul food of the ruin in Stalingrad, where a bunch of exhausted Russian soldiers resist an implacable German assault, while commissars fret about their lack of discipline.

广播剧有其局限性。格罗斯曼的对话坚忍不拔，英国演员抑扬顿挫的声音说出来的对话却变得稍嫌平淡。声音效果和脾气暴躁的旁白完全无法表达斯大林格勒的虱子和腐败食物的残迹，一群筋疲力尽的俄罗斯士兵在那里抵抗不共戴天的德国人的突袭，而政委对他们的缺乏纪律感到焦急。