经济学人下载:脸书和慈善:我有我方式

Finance and economics: Facebook and philanthropy I'll give it my way
财经：脸书和慈善，我有我方式

Mark Zuckerberg finds another way to share.
马克·扎克伯格找到了另一种分享财富的方式。

Many people take to social media to share news of big events.
许多人喜欢在社交媒体上分享重大新闻事件。

On December 1st Facebook's boss, Mark Zuckerberg, followed in the tradition he helped create, when he and his wife, Priscilla Chan, announced the birth of their daughter on the social-networking site, along with news that they will give away the majority of their fortune during their lifetimes.
脸书创始人马克·扎克伯格不仅推动了这一潮流，还以这一时下流行的方式于12月1日和妻子普林希拉·陈一同在脸书上宣布女儿诞生，并且将捐赠他们毕身的绝大部分财富。

Around 99% of the shares they own in Facebook, which today are worth around $45 billion, will go into the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI) .
约99%的Facebook股份，目前价值约450亿美元。这笔钱将花在“陈·扎克伯格倡议”上。

Their aim, they wrote, is to improve the world for their daughter and future generations.
他们写道，他们的主旨在改善女儿与后代生活的世界。

For now, the move allows Mr Zuckerberg to relinquish wealth, but not control, as he will retain the votes associated with any shares transferred to CZI.
目前，扎克伯格的这一举动是出让财富，但并不是不加控制，因为任何转移到CZI的股份将全部归其所有。

He anticipates remaining the controlling stakeholder of Facebook “for the foreseeable future”, and plans to sell, or give away, no more than $1 billion of Facebook stock each year for the next three years.
他期望能在“可预见的将来”继续保持对脸书的控股，并计划在未来三年内每年出售或捐赠近10亿美元的脸书股份。

Mr Zuckerberg is far from the first tech titan to pledge billions to philanthropic activities, but he is following a slightly different path to Bill Gates, Microsoft's founder.
扎克伯格先生绝不是第一位承诺用数亿美元做慈善的科技巨人。但是，他与微软创始人——比尔·盖茨做慈善的方式有着些许的不同。

Whereas the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is a registered charity, the Zuckerbergs' CZI will be a limited liability company (LLC) .
CZI将是一个有限责任公司，而比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会是一家已注册的慈善机构。

Although charitable status comes with alluring tax breaks, strings are attached.
虽然慈善机构的身份能够享受诱人的减税政策，却有限制并存。

Unlike charities, LLCs can lobby without restriction; the Zuckerbergs have said that CZI will get involved in policy debates.
与慈善机构不同，有限责任公司可以不受约束地进行游说；扎克伯格夫妇说过，CZI将参与政治辩论。

The other flexibility LLC status allows is the freedom to invest in for-profit ventures that have a big social impact.
有限责任公司的身份拥有的另一个灵活点是，可以不受限制地投资具有巨大社会影响力的盈利企业。

In this, the Zuckerbergs are following in the footsteps of Pierre Omidyar, founder of eBay, an online marketplace, who grew frustrated by the constraints of charitable status.
这一点，扎克伯格追随的是易贝网创始人——皮埃尔·奥米迪亚的脚步，慈善机构的身份做起事来有限制，皮埃尔对此大为不满。

Mr Omidyar now oversees the Omidyar Network, which has for-profit and non-profit arms.
奥米迪亚先生现在监管者拥有非盈利部门和盈利部门的奥米迪亚网络公司。

Will Fitzpatrick, designer of this hybrid structure, claims that the for-profit arm can more easily invest in things that can be scaled up quickly.
这一混合结构的设计者——威尔·菲茨帕特里克声称，以营利为目的的部门在投资某些东西时，更易使其迅速扩大规模产业化。

He gives the example of an investment in a solar lantern that cost less than $10 a unit, which meant people did not have to burn dangerous kerosene, and which he says would have been technically difficult to achieve through a private foundation.
他列举了一个投资太阳能灯的例子，每个太阳能灯的成本不到10美元，这意味着人们将无需使用危险的煤油了，他认为如果由私立基金会去做这个项目的话会遇到技术上的难题。