经济学人下载:一周要闻 桑德斯参加2020年总统大选 英国工党现退党潮 西班牙总理要求提前大选

Independents’ day
独立日

In Britain, eight Labour MPs quit the party over Jeremy Corbyn’s poor leadership, which has led to dithering over Brexit and failed to clamp down on a surge in anti-Semitism among party activists. The eight back a second referendum on Britain leaving the eu. Rather than form a new party they will for now sit in the House of Commons as the Independent Group. They called on centrist mps from any party to join them. Three Conservative mps duly did so.
在英国，由于杰里米·科尔宾(Jeremy Corbyn)领导不力，导致工党在退欧问题上犹豫不决，以及未能遏制该党活动人士中反犹太主义的激增，8名工党议员因此退出了该党。这8名议员支持就英国退欧举行第二次公投。他们暂时不会组建新政党，而是作为一个独立团体坐在下议院。他们呼吁任何党派的中间派议员加入。三位保守党议员适时地“响应”了。

Demonstrations were held across France to protest against the rise in attacks against Jewish people and symbols, which were up by 74% last year. This week 80 Jewish graves were daubed with swastikas, and Alain Finkielkraut, a prominent philosopher, was heckled with anti-Semitic abuse by gilets jaunes (yellow vest) protesters.
法国各地都举行了示威活动，抗议针对犹太人和犹太标志的袭击增多，去年这类袭击率上升了74%。本周，80座犹太人坟墓被涂上了纳粹标志，著名哲学家阿兰·芬克尔克劳特(Alain Finkielkraut)也遭到了“黄背心”示威者的辱骂与攻击。

Pedro Sánchez, the prime minister of Spain, called a snap general election for April 28th. Mr Sánchez’s socialist-led coalition had suffered a heavy defeat in parliament when parties from Catalonia that normally support the government joined conservatives in voting down the budget. The Catalans had tried to force Mr Sánchez into discussing independence for their region.
西班牙总理佩德罗·桑切斯(Pedro Sanchez)要求在4月28日提前举行大选。桑切斯领导的社会主义联盟在议会遭遇惨败，因为一直支持政府的加泰罗尼亚政党加入保守党，投票否决了财政预算。加泰罗尼亚人曾试图迫使桑切斯讨论他们所在地区的独立问题。

The ball’s in your court
该看你的了

Donald Trump urged Venezuela’s armed forces to back a political transition and said they should accept the offer of amnesty by Juan Guaidó, who has been recognised as the country’s interim president by Venezuela’s legislature and by some 50 countries. Mr Trump held open the possibility of military intervention to topple the repressive regime of Nicolás Maduro.
特朗普敦促委内瑞拉武装部队支持政治过渡，并表示他们应该接受胡安·瓜伊多(Juan Guaido)提出的大赦提议。委内瑞拉立法机构和大约50个国家已经承认胡安·瓜伊多为该国的临时总统。特朗普还对军事干预推翻尼古拉斯·马杜罗(Nicolas Maduro)专制政权的可能性持开放态度。

Jair Bolsonaro, Brazil’s president, presented an ambitious plan to reform the country’s publicly funded pension schemes. His proposal, which requires amendments to the constitution, would establish a minimum retirement age of 65 for men and 62 for women and would limit the scope for pensioners to collect more than one benefit.
巴西总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗（Jair Bolsonaro）提出一项雄心勃勃的计划来改革国家的公共基金养老计划。他的提议要求修改宪法，将规定最低退休年龄男性为65岁，女性为62岁，并将限制领取养老金者领取一项以上福利的范围。

Gerald Butts, the principal private secretary of Canada’s prime minister, Justin Trudeau, resigned. He denied allegations that he or anyone else in the prime minister’s office had put pressure on Jody Wilson-Raybould, then justice minister, to settle a criminal case against an engineering company based in Montreal. Mr Trudeau has also denied that he put pressure on Ms Wilson-Raybould to intervene.
加拿大总理贾斯廷·特鲁多的首席私人秘书杰拉尔德·布茨辞职。他否认自己或总理办公室的其他人曾就解决针对蒙特利尔工程公司的刑事案件向时任司法部长乔迪威尔逊-瑞博德施压。特鲁多本人也否认曾向威尔逊-雷蒙德施压，要求其干预。

Ecuador reached an agreement with the IMF to borrow $4.2bn to help it cope with a large external debt and budget deficit. It will also borrow $6bn from other multilateral lenders, including the World Bank. The government will reduce fuel subsidies and employment at state-owned enterprises.
厄瓜多尔与国际货币基金组织(IMF)达成协议，将借款42亿美元，帮助该国应对巨额外债和预算赤字。该国还将从包括世界银行(World Bank)在内的其它多边贷款机构借款60亿美元。政府也将减少国有企业的燃油补贴和就业。

The first lawsuits were launched against Donald Trump’s declaration of a national emergency on the Mexican border, which allows him to sequester funding for his border wall. Sixteen states, including California, filed a court motion arguing that Mr Trump’s edict would divert money from law enforcement.
特朗普宣布墨西哥边境进入国家紧急状态，试图削减边境墙的资金，这引发了针对特朗普的首批诉讼。包括加州在内的16个州提交了一份法院动议，称特朗普的法令将分流执法资金。

Bernie Sanders announced that he is to run again for president as a Democrat in 2020. The 77-year-old senator from Vermont was describing himself as a socialist years before today’s crop of young pretenders in the party was even born. He raised nearly $6m in the 24 hours following his campaign launch, outstripping his rivals.
伯尼·桑德斯宣布将在2020年作为民主党人再次竞选总统。这位来自佛蒙特州的77岁参议员早在民主党内那些自命不凡的年轻人出生前，就已经自称是一位社会主义者了。在竞选启动后的24小时内，他筹集到近600万美元，超过了竞争对手。