经济学人下载:一周要闻 伊朗突破核限制 墨西哥财长辞职 巴西改革养老金制度

The generals running Sudan since the fall in April of its dictator, Omar al-Bashir, reached a power-sharing accord with the pro-democracy movement that has been demanding an end to military rule. The deal makes provision for the generals to lead a new Supreme Council, which will be the highest decision-making body, for 21 months. Civilians will take over for a further 18 months before elections. 

自今年4月苏丹独裁者奥马尔巴希尔倒台以来，掌管苏丹的将军们与要求结束军事统治的亲民主运动达成了一项权力分享协议。该协议规定，军方将领将领导一个新的最高委员会，任期21个月。最高委员会将是最高决策机构。平民将在选举前继续执政18个月。

A deal signed in 2015 to prevent Iran from building a nuclear bomb came closer to collapse after its three European signatories (Britain, France and Germany) said they were concerned that Iran was “not meeting several of its commitments”. The accord offered Iran relief from some economic sanctions in exchange for limits on its nuclear programme. But President Trump withdrew America from the deal last year and reimposed sanctions. Iran has since breached caps on uranium enrichment. And tensions with the West rose after Britain seized a tanker carrying Iranian oil. 

2015年签署的一项旨在阻止伊朗制造核弹的协议，在英国、法国和德国三个欧洲签署国表示担忧伊朗“没有履行数项承诺”后，该协议几近崩溃。该协议为伊朗解除了一些经济制裁，以换取对其核计划的限制。但特朗普总统去年让美国退出该协议，并重新实施制裁。伊朗已经违反了铀浓缩的上限。在英国扣押了一艘装载伊朗石油的油轮后，伊朗与西方的紧张关系加剧。

 Negotiators for Taliban insurgents met representatives of the Afghan government to discuss a peace agreement for the first time, albeit unofficially. The talks were disguised as part of a bigger meeting of Afghan groups. America has held seven rounds of negotiations with the Taliban about a possible withdrawal from Afghanistan, but also wants the government and the insurgents to speak directly. 

塔利班叛乱分子的谈判代表与阿富汗政府代表会面，首次讨论和平协议，尽管这是非正式会谈。这些会谈被伪装成阿富汗组织更大规模会议的一部分。美国已经与塔利班就可能从阿富汗撤军进行了七轮谈判，但同时也希望政府和叛乱分子直接对话。

Mexico’s finance minister, Carlos Urzúa, resigned after claiming that the administration of President Andrés Manuel López Obrador had made his job impossible and had forced his ministry to hire unqualified people. Mr Urzúa, a social democrat, was a voice of prudence in the cabinet of the populist leftist president. The country’s currency, the peso, tumbled after the announcement (though it later recovered). 

墨西哥财政部长卡洛斯·乌尔祖阿辞职，此前他声称，总统安德烈斯·曼努埃尔·洛佩斯·奥夫拉多尔的政府让他的工作无法进行，并施压财政部雇佣不合格人选。乌尔祖阿是一位社会民主党人，在这位民粹主义左翼总统的内阁中，他属于谨慎派。该国的货币比索在辞职声明发布后暴跌（尽管后来有所回升）。

A UN report accused Venezuela’s security forces of killing almost 7,000 people between January 2018 and May this year. It singles out the country’s special forces for carrying out most of the killings and manipulating the crime scenes to suggest that the victims were shot for resisting arrest. It came out days after a reserve captain in the country’s navy died in custody, apparently after being tortured. 

联合国一份报告指责委内瑞拉安全部队在2018年1月至今年5月期间杀害了近7000人。报告特别指出，该国特种部队实施了大部分杀戮，并伪造犯罪现场，暗示受害者是因拒捕被击毙的。数日前，美国海军一名预备役上尉在拘留期间死亡，显然是死于严刑拷打。

The lower house of Brazil’s congress approved a reform of the country’s unsustainably generous pension system by a vote of 379 to 131. The measure would save taxpayers 900bn reais ($240bn) over ten years. 

巴西国会下议院以379票对131票通过了对该国养老金制度的改革，这一慷慨的制度已经难以为继。这项措施将在十年内为纳税人节省9000亿雷亚尔(2400亿美元)。

Joao Gilberto, the man who sang “The Girl from Ipanema”, died aged 88 in Rio de Janeiro. Mr Gilberto was a star of bossa nova, a musical style that fuses jazz and samba. 

演唱《依帕内玛女孩》的Joao Gilberto在里约热内卢去世，享年88岁。Gilberto是波萨诺伐舞曲的代表人物，这是是一种融合了爵士和桑巴的音乐风格。