经济学人下载:美国贸易政策(1)

"You would need a magic wand to bring back manufacturing jobs," said President Donald Trump on November 12th,
11月12日，唐纳德·特朗普总统引用前政府官员的话表示，

quoting someone from a past administration. "Well, we brought them back."
“你需要一根魔杖才能把制造业的工作岗位带回来”。“我们把它们带回来了。”

The world's carmakers could be forgiven for wishing he had not bothered.
如果世界汽车制造商希望他没有掺和，那他们是可以被原谅的。

They have been thwacked with tariffs on steel, aluminium and components from China,
他们受到了来自中国的钢铁、铝和零部件关税的打击，

and threatened with broader levies on cars and car parts in the name of national security.
还被威胁以国家安全的名义对汽车和汽车零部件征收更多的税。

A tariff deadline was looming as The Economist went to press.
在本期《经济学人》付印时，关税的最后期限即将到来。

And they have new rules of the road, in the form of the USMCA, a trade deal with Mexico and Canada.
他们还制定了新的规则，比如与墨西哥和加拿大签订的《美墨加三国协议》（简称USMCA）。

there is little sign so far that foreign carmakers are leading an American investment boom.
至今几乎没有迹象表明外国汽车制造商正在引领美国的投资热潮。

According to Kristin Dziczek of the Centre for Automotive Research, their investments in American facilities have been fairly steady since the recession.
据汽车研究中心的Kristin Dziczek称，自经济衰退以来，他们在美国工厂的投资一直相对稳定。

Meanwhile the value of American imports of passenger vehicles and light trucks continues to grow,
与此同时，美国乘用车和轻型卡车的进口值继续增长，

by 6% in the first three quarters of 2019 compared with a year earlier.
2019年前三季度同比增长6%。

Though European car executives were hauled in for a meeting with Mr Trump last December to discuss their American production plans,
虽然欧洲汽车高管们在去年12月被拉来和特朗普开会讨论他们的美国产品计划，

the value of imported vehicles from the European Union rose over the same period by 2%.
但同期，从欧盟进口的汽车价值增长了2%。

The trade data may be distorted by stockpiling: in its third-quarter earnings call Volkswagen, a big European carmaker,
贸易数据可能会因囤积而失真：在其第三季度财报电话会议上，欧洲大型汽车制造商大众，

mentioned this as a defence against threatened tariffs. And Ms Dziczek cautions that trade policies are just one of many considerations
提到这是为了防御关税威胁。Dziczek警告称，当公司要决定在哪里建新工厂时，

when companies are deciding where to locate new plants. American demand for cars is sagging,
贸易政策只是众多考虑因素之一。美国对汽车的需求正在下降，

and production is shifting from saloon cars to other larger vehicles such as SUVS, as well as electric cars.
并且汽车的生产正从轿车转向其它大型车辆，如SUV和电动汽车。

Behind the scenes, however, car companies are planning to rework their supply chains to meet the USMCA's stricter content requirements.
但汽车公司背地里正在计划重新设计他们的供应链以满足USMCA更加严格的要求。

Ann Wilson of the Motor and Equipment Manufacturers' Association, an industry group,
产业组织电机和设备制造商协会的安·威尔逊表示

says members are drawing up plans to manufacture more in America.
其成员们正在为在美国生产更多产品制定计划。

"You will see structural changes," says Dietmar Ostermann, who works with car companies at PWC, an accountancy.
“你将看到结构性的改变，”普华永道会计公司处理汽车公司业务的Dietmar Ostermann说到。

译文由恒星原创，仅供学习交流使用，未经许可请勿转载。