经济学人下载:一周要闻 各国应对疫情危机 汇丰暂停派息 美失业人数创新高

The world this week
本周要闻

Business
商业

The s&p 500, Dow Jones Industrial Average and nasdaq stockmarkets all rose by more than 5% on April 6th, as investors reacted positively to slowing death rates from covid-19 in a few places. But with America expecting a surge in new cases, trading remained turbulent. Oil prices whipsawed in reaction to differing reports about the possibility of Russia and Saudi Arabia reaching a deal to end their price war. A meeting between Russia and OPEC was postponed until later in the week, after which a meeting of g20 oil ministers is scheduled to take place.
4月6日，标准普尔500指数、道琼斯工业平均指数和纳斯达克股票市场的涨幅都超过了5%，因为投资者对一些地方的新冠肺炎死亡率下降做出了积极的反应。但由于美国预计新增病例会飙升，贸易依然动荡不安。有关俄罗斯和沙特可能达成协议结束价格战的报道各不相同，油价出现大幅波动。俄罗斯和欧佩克之间的会议被推迟到本周晚些时候，之后20国集团石油部长会议将如期举行。

ExxonMobil reduced its planned capital spending by a third this year, a deeper cut than its rivals, which are also curtailing output amid forecasts of plunging energy demand. “We haven’t seen anything like what we’re experiencing today,” said the chief executive, Darren Woods.
埃克森美孚今年将其计划的资本支出削减了三分之一，降幅大于竞争对手。由于预计能源需求将大幅下降，竞争对手也在削减产量。首席执行官达伦·伍兹(Darren Woods)表示，“我们没有看到像今天这样的情况。”

Russia’s central bank said it would continue to sell dollar reserves, and that this was intended to stabilise markets. The rouble has weakened as oil prices have tumbled. The central bank indicated that a cut to interest rates was also on the cards. Non-essential businesses in Russia have been ordered to close.
俄罗斯央行表示，将继续出售美元储备，此举旨在稳定市场。随着油价暴跌，卢布已经走弱。俄央行表示，降息也是有可能的。俄罗斯的非必要企业已被勒令关闭。

The British Treasury unveiled yet another scheme to help companies ride out the crisis, this time providing a government guarantee to enable banks to make loans of up to 25m pounds ($31m) to businesses with a turnover of between 45m pounds and 500m pounds. Those midsized firms had found themselves squeezed out of preceding rescue packages.
英国财政部公布了另一项帮助企业渡过危机的计划，这一次是提供政府担保，使银行能够向营业额在4500万至5亿英镑之间的企业发放最高2500万英镑(合3100万美元)的贷款。这些中型企业发现自己被挤出此前的救援计划行列。

Bus companies in Britain received additional emergency funding from the Department of Transport in order to keep the services running and “provide a lifeline for those who cannot work from home”. Bus drivers have called for better protection; in London at least eight drivers have died from the coronavirus.
英国公交公司从交通部获得了额外的紧急资金，以维持公共交通的正常运行，并“为那些无法在家工作的人提供了一条生命线”。公交司机呼吁更好的保护措施;在伦敦，至少有8名司机死于冠状病毒。

Boeing shut production of its 787 aircraft at its factory in South Carolina because of the covid-19 outbreak, and extended indefinitely the closure of its plant near Seattle. The aerospace company has invited workers to apply for voluntary redundancy, though it is still recruiting new employees “in certain areas”.
由于新冠肺炎疫情的爆发，波音公司关闭了位于南卡罗来纳州生产787机型的工厂，并无限期延长了西雅图附近工厂的关闭时间。这家航空公司呼吁员工申请自愿裁员，尽管该公司仍在“某些领域”招聘新员工。

In Germany Lufthansa decommissioned around 40 jetliners and ceased operations at its Germanwings discount carrier. The airline warned that it will take “years until the worldwide demand for air travel returns to pre-crisis levels”.
在德国，汉莎航空公司淘汰了大约40架客机，并停止了德国之翼折扣航空公司的运营。该公司警告称，“全球航空旅行需求将需要数年时间才能恢复至危机前的水平”。

Around 10m Americans filed claims for unemployment benefits in the second half of March, more than had been expected following the virtual lockdown of the economy. Payroll employment plummeted by 701,000 in the month, a number not seen since the depth of the financial crisis. In Britain 1m new people applied for benefits over two weeks, ten times the normal rate. Some 4m workers have been temporarily laid off in France, and Spain has reported its biggest-ever rise in job losses.
3月下旬，约有1000万美国人申请失业救济，超过了经济几乎停滞后的预期。当月就业人数骤减70.1万人，这是自金融危机以来从未出现过的数字。在英国，100万人在两周内申请救济金，是正常比例的10倍。法国约有400万工人被临时解雇，西班牙的失业人数也创下了历史新高。

The German government said it would relax the border restrictions it has imposed during the pandemic and will allow tens of thousands of seasonal workers to enter the country, after farming groups and retailers warned that crops would otherwise be left to rot. The workers come mostly from eastern Europe and will be quarantined for two weeks.
德国政府表示,将放宽在疫情期间实施的边境限制，并允许成千上万的季节性工人进入德国，此前，农业团体和零售商警告,（不采取措施）庄稼会烂掉。这些工人大多来自东欧，并且将被隔离两周。

Jamie Dimon returned to work full-time as chief executive of JPMorgan Chase, four weeks after undergoing emergency heart surgery. Like many people these days he is working remotely, though not isolated from the arguments on Wall Street about whether to cancel dividends. Mr Dimon warned investors that JPMorgan Chase could suspend shareholder payments for the first time.
摩根大通首席执行官杰米·戴蒙(Jamie Dimon)在接受紧急心脏手术4周后恢复全职工作。如今，和许多人一样，他也在远程办公，不过他也参与了华尔街有关是否取消股息的争论。戴蒙警告投资者，摩根大通(JPMorgan Chase)可能首次暂停向股东派息。

The decision of HSBC to suspend its dividend payments has sparked a backlash among investors in Hong Kong, its biggest market. Along with other big British banks, hsbc suspended shareholder payouts after the Bank of England leant on them to do so, but a group of investors in Hong Kong has banded together to try to force an extraordinary general meeting on the matter.
汇丰(HSBC)暂停派息的决定，引发了其最大市场香港投资者的强烈反对。在英国央行(Bank of England)向汇丰(hsbc)施压后，汇丰与英国其它大型银行一起暂停了股东派息，但香港的一群投资者已联合起来，试图就此事召开特别股东大会。

Despite interruptions to production because of covid-19, Samsung forecast that its operating profit for the first quarter will be 6.4trn won ($5.2bn), up by 3% from the same three months last year. The South Korean tech giant expects to gain from increased demand for its chips in data centres and the roll-out of 5g networks. However, it could take a hit if consumers feel less inclined to splash out on smartphones and televisions.
尽管由于新冠肺炎疫情停产，三星预计第一季度的营业利润将达到64万亿韩元(52亿美元)，比去年同期增长3%。这家韩国科技巨头预计将从数据中心对其芯片的需求增加和5g网络的推出中获益。不过，如果消费者不太愿意在智能手机和电视上消费，那么该公司可能会受到冲击。

Donald Trump announced a deal with 3m, an American industrial conglomerate, that will see it import n95 respirator masks to the United States from its factories in Asia. The president had warned 3m that it would have “a hell of a price to pay” if it did not limit overseas sales of the face masks (under the deal it will continue to sell masks to Canada and Latin America).
特朗普(Donald Trump)宣布与美国工业集团3m公司达成一项协议，该公司将从其亚洲工厂进口n95口罩到美国。特朗普曾警告3m公司，如果不限制口罩的海外销售，将会付出“巨大代价”(根据协议，该公司将继续向加拿大和拉丁美洲销售口罩)。