经济学人下载:马什皮·万帕诺亚格部落的保留地危机(2)

In 2018 the Department of Interior reversed the decision to recognise the reservation, rolling back the interpretation of what is an indian". "They're not supposed to change the roles on you mid-game", says Heather Sibbison of Dentons, the tribe's law firm. The tribe sued. A federal appeals court ruled in February that the tribe must show it was "under federal jurisdiction" in 1934, when the Indian Reorganisation Act was passed. This statute allowed Indian tribes ro govern themselves and protected tribal land by putting it into trust.
2018年，内政部撤销了承认保留地的决定，撤销了对“什么是印第安人”的解释。部落律师事务所Dentons的希瑟·西比森表示，“他们不该在游戏中途改变你的角色。”部落对此进行了起诉。联邦上诉法院在2月份裁定，该部落必须表明其在1934年通过《印度重组法》时，受联邦管辖。这项法令允许印第安部落自治，并且可以通过托管部落土地的方式进行保护。

The tribe has asked for a preliminary injunction to prevent the land from being taken out of trust until the cases are resolved.A judge will make a decision by early June on whether to grant the order.Congress, meanwhile, is working on a bill that would supersede the court ruling. A bill backed by both parties pillised the House last year, but has yet to reach the floor of the Senate. Donald Trump is not a fan of lndian- run casinos. He believed that "so-called Indians" undercut his casinos in the 1990s.Some of his inner circle and donors are in the casino business and may agree.
该部落申请一个预先禁令，以防止土地被夺走，直到案件得到解决。法官将于六月初作出是否批准这项禁令的决定。同时，国会正在制定一项法案，取代法院的裁决。去年，一项由两党共同支持的法案在众议院引起轰动，但尚未在参议院获得通过。唐纳德·特朗普不喜欢印第安经营的赌场。他认为“所谓的印度人”在上世纪90年代削弱了他的赌场的利润。他的一些从事赌场生意的核心圈子以及捐赠者可能会认同。

Other tribes are worried about what the decision means for them. More than 100 other tribes have gained federal recognition since 1934 and hold thousands of acres of land in trust.Mr Cromwell said he was "blindsided" by the call in March from the Bureau of Indian Affairs. He thought the bureau was checking in to see how the tribe was coping with covid-19, which has hit Native Americans particularly hard.
其他部落担心，这个决定对他们意味着什么。自1934年以来，还有100多个部落获得了联邦政府的承认，并托管了数千英亩土地。克伦威尔表示，他对印第安事务局3月份的要求感到“措手不及”。他认为该局正在调查该部落是如何应对covid-19的，这场疫情对美洲原住民的打击尤其严重。

The impact of disestablishment extends beyond the casino. The tribe had started building housing for its community and a childcare centre on the land. Those projects, along with a tribal courthouse, could be in jeopardy. Losing the land itself is a possibility, if they cannot pay taxes.Federal recognition is not at risk, but Ms Sibbison wonders what that is worth if land and sovereignty can be taken away.
撤销保留地的影响不仅限于赌场。该部落已开始为其社区建造住房，并在土地上建立了一个儿童保育中心。这些项目，连同一个部落法院，可能会受到威胁。如果他们不能纳税，就有可能失去土地。联邦政府的承认并没有风险，但西比森女士想知道，如果土地和主权被夺走，联邦政府的承认还有什么价值。