VOA常速英语:New Study Links Long NFL Career with Brain Injuries

This is the brain bank where scientist are studying a traumatic brain injury called chronic traumatic encephalopathy or CTE.
针对大脑库，科学家正在研究一种叫做慢性创伤性脑病或简称为CET的创伤性脑损伤。

It is caused by collisions that push the brain around inside the skull.The researchers studied the brains more than 100 professional college and high school football players.
它是由大脑内部的脑震荡引起的。研究人员对100多名高校和高中足球橄榄球运动员的大脑进行了研究。

It goes forward accelerates and decelerates but it also goes rotationally and that causes the brain inside the skull to actually elongate and stretchand that’s stretching puts a lot of physical force on the individual nerve cells especially the neurons and the axons.
它前进的加速、减速和旋转，导致脑颅骨内的大脑被实际伸长和拉伸，这使单个神经细胞特别是神经元和轴突受到物理性作用力的施加。

Every collision pulls apart theτproteins that form a skeleton around a neuron, the more hits the greater the damage.
每一次碰撞，就会有一个在神经元周围构成骨架的τ蛋白被拉扯出。碰撞得越多，损伤越大。

McKee’s team found evidence of CTE in all but one of the brains of 111 NFL player she studied in 90% of the college players and 20% of the high school players.
McKee的团队发现，除了一例之外，剩下的111例全美橄榄球联盟的运动员大脑均患有CTE，其中大学运动员占百分之九十，高中运动员占百分之二十。

Under abnormal circumstances, like after trauma, when the nerve cells are damaged when there’s a force,a violent force and then there’s stretching the nerve cell, the τactually comes off the skeleton,it comes off the microtubules and it starts to clumping up just sort of in the bottom of this cell.
在异常情况下，如创伤后，当神经细胞受损时，当有外力强加给神经细胞，并拉伸它时，τ蛋白实际上是从颅骨中脱离出来，也脱离了微管，然后开始在底部结块。

Those lesions may cause the memory loss and behavior, personality and mood changes like depression associated with the disease.
这些病变可能导致记忆丧失，行为、性格和情绪变化，如抑郁症。

We can see spaces near the hippocampus which is part of the brain that’s important for learning and for memory.And you can see that there’s been shrinkage there as well, to see this and such young individuals quite startling.
海马体是大脑的一部分，我们可以看到海马体附近的空间对学习和记忆很重要。你可以看到，这有萎缩。对于这样的年轻人来说，这种现象很惊人。

McKee says helmets provides some protection but that anyone using their head in sports is going to sustain some damage.
McKee说，头盔提供了一些保护，但用头部的体育运动的运动员总将会经受一些损伤。

Helmets are part of the solution, they’ll never be the dissolution for CTE.They may mitigate it, they may make it less likely but it’s always going to be a risk once you have had a head contact.
头盔是解决方案的一部分，它们永远不会成为解除CTE。他们可能会减轻它，他们会使患病的可能性降低，但只要运动中有头部接触，风险就会出现。

McKee and her team are now looking for ways to diagnose CTE before player dies and for drugs that might help treat the disease.
McKee和她的团队正在寻找在运动员死亡之前诊断CTE的方法，药物可能有助于治疗该疾病。

Kevin Enochs, VOA News.
美国之音，Kevin Enochs报道。