VOA常速英语:Mask Maker

My name is Eric Bubar.
我叫埃Eric Bubar。
Im the associate professor of physics at Mary Mount University in Arlington, Virginia.
我是弗吉尼亚州阿灵顿玛丽山大学的物理副教授。
What Ive been doing to help out with the Covid-19 response is creating 3-D printed PPE.
为了应对Covid-19疫情，我一直在制作3D打印的PPE。
So, the design Im using is something called the face shield.
我使用的设计叫做面罩。
I have two designs, this one and this one.
我有两种设计，这个和这个。
These are actually not my designs.
这些其实不是我的设计。
They are open sourced.
它们是开源的。
Theyre created by other individuals.
它们是由其他人创造的。
So, this was created by a company named Prusa Research.
这是由一家名为Prusa Research的公司发明的。
Theyre very well known in the 3D printing industry for having very reliable 3D printers.
他们以拥有非常可靠的3D打印机而闻名于3D印刷行业。
And then this is the Verkstan design made from a Swedish design firm.
这是一家瑞典设计公司生产的Verkstan设计。
What is 3-D printing?
什么是3D打印？
Its a way to do manufacturing.
这是制造的一种方式。
Its called additive manufacturing in some circles.
在某些圈子里，这被称为增材制造。
And what you do is you take some plastic in the form of a filament, and you extrude it through a very, very hot nozzle.
你要做的是把一些塑料做成灯丝的形状，然后通过一个非常非常热的喷嘴挤出来。
That nozzle melts the plastic and it lays down a little bit of plastic in whatever shape you want.
那个喷嘴会融化塑料，然后它会以你想要的任何形状铺设一点塑料。
As soon as the plastic hits the,what we call the built plate, it kind of cools off and solidifies.
一旦塑料接触到我们所说的预制板，它就会冷却并凝固。
Then the little nozzle will go up just a little bit and draw another layer on top of that,
然后这个小喷嘴会往上一点，在上面再铺一层，
and build up whatever 3-D shape you can imagine.
建立你能想象的任何三维形状。
So, if you look very closely at this 3-D print,you can see that there are different layers.
所以，如果你仔细观察这个三维打印，你可以看到有不同的层。
So, a 3-D printer builds up whatever shape you want, layer by layer by layer.
3D打印机一层一层地打印出你想要的任何形状。
So altogether, this one takes probably about four hours to fabricate one,
总之，这个大概要花四个小时才能造出一个，
whereas this one, the 3D Verkstan, this 3D print takes about 40 minutes to print one of these little headbands.
而这个，3D Verkstan, 3D打印需要40分钟来打印一个小发带。
And then, the shield itself is a very thick overhead transparency that takes about, maybe,five minutes to hole punch,
然后，面罩本身是一个非常厚的透明的头顶东西，大概需要五分钟打洞，
three hole punch to get it to pop onto these little pegs.
用三孔的穿孔机，让它打在这些小钉子上。
So, this one takes, maybe, 45 minutes to create one.
这样一个过程可能需要45分钟。
So, currently the shields are being used by a variety of different healthcare professionals,
目前，面罩的使用者是各种不同的医疗保健专业人员、
in hospitals, in community health centers, in elder care facilities.
即医院、社区保健中心和老年人护理机构的人员。
People like that these 3D printed shields are sanitizable so they can reuse them.
人们喜欢这些可消毒的3D打印的面罩，它们可以重复使用。
They can clean them very easily.
可以很容易地清洗。
And regarding changes that we might make to these face shields, were always open to more feedback.
至于我们可能对这些面罩做出的改变，我们总是愿意接受更多的反馈。
And weve gotten some feedback that some providers would like a little bit more length on the bottom of it,
我们得到了一些反馈，一些供应商希望在底部更长一点，
so that it kind of interfaces with their sternum a little bit better,
这样就能更好地与胸骨接触，
so that it kind of blocks off any transition into the bottom.
所以它不需要任何到底部的过渡。
And some providers want a visor over the top.
有些供应商希望在顶部设置一个遮阳篷。
So, on this Prusa design, you can see that this is open.
在这个Prusa的设计中，你可以看到这个是打开的。
This is meant to ventilate air so that it doesnt fog up,
这是用来通风的，这样就不会有雾了，
but it does allow some particulates can get down in there, so, maybe, some visor to cover that portion up.
但它能进来一些微粒进，所以，也许遮阳板来可以覆盖那部分。
Those are the two big pieces of feedback that weve gotten that were trying to come up with adaptations for and adjustments.
这是我们得到的两大反馈，我们努力改变、调整。
But currently what were trying to do is stick with designs that are recommended by NIH print exchange.
但目前我们正在努力做的是坚持由NIH打印交换推荐的设计。
These are the ones that have been approved for clinical use.
它们已被批准用于临床。