内部讲义：常考词的语法与用法(12)

◆play v. & n.

1. 用作不及物动词，表示“玩”，通常只用于儿童或动物，或者用于玩笑的场合。如：

正：Her child is playing outside. 她孩子在外面玩。

误：Her parents are playing outside. 她父母在外面玩。

注：说成年人“玩”可用 have a good time 或 enjoy oneself等其它表达。注意：不要一遇到汉语的“玩”字就机械地将其英译为play, 而应按英语习惯用适当的方式来表达。如：

　有空请到我家玩。

正：Please come and [to] see me when [if] you have time.

误：Please come to my house and play when you have time.

我们在晚会上玩得很开心。

正：We had a good time [enjoyed ourselves] at the party.

误：We played very well at the party.

2. 用作及物动词，主要用于音乐方面的弹(拉、演奏)某种乐器等(注：乐器名词前要用定冠词)，或用于体育方面的打(球)、打(牌)、下(棋)等，此时相关名词前不用冠词。如：

He plays the piano very well. 他的钢琴弹得很好。

They like to play basketball. 他们喜欢打篮球。

They played bridge after dinner. 他们吃饭后打了桥牌。

要表示与某人打球、下棋、比赛等，要注意以下正误句型：

　他同她下了盘棋

　正：He played (against) her at chess.

正：He played chess with her.

误：He played with her at chess

注：play with 意为“玩耍……”或“与……一起玩”。如：

The girl is playing with a toy. 小女孩在玩玩具。

The girl is playing with her kitten. 这个小女孩在玩小猫(与小猫一起玩)。

3. 用作名词，表示“玩耍”，是不可数名词。如：

The children are at play in the yard. 孩子们在院子里玩。

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。

注：名词 play 泛指一般意义的“玩”(不可数)，动名词 playing指特定的某次玩耍。比较：

所有孩子都喜欢玩。

误：All children are fond of playing.

正：All children are fond of play.

比较：The children are fond of playing in the garden.

顺便一提，有些情形与以上情形相反。如：

他喜欢跳舞(散步，游泳)。

正：He is fond of dancing (walking, swimming).

误：He is fond of dance (walk, swim).

◆playground n.

表示“运动场”、“操场”，其前可用介词 in 或 on。如：

The children were running about in the playground. 孩子们在运动场上跑来跑去。

He has just lost his watch on the playground. 他刚在操场上把手表丢了。

◆pleasant adj.

1. 用于说明事物，表示“令人愉快的”或“舒适的”。如：

The weather was cold, but the trip was pleasant. 虽然天气很冷，但旅途还是很愉快。

It was a pleasant surprise to see her again. 再次见到她真是又惊又喜。

2. 用于说明人，表示“友好的”、“讨人喜欢的”。如：

What a pleasant girl! 多么讨人喜欢的姑娘啊!

Make an effort to be pleasant at the party. 在晚会上要尽力友善待人(或尽量使人高兴)。

3. 比较 pleasant 与 pleased：后者表示“感到高兴或满意”。如：

I’m very pleased at [about, with] your success. 我对你的成功感到满意。

We’re very pleased that you’ve decided to go with us. 你决定同我们一起去我们很高兴。