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内部讲义:常考词的语法与用法(12)

2017-09-25来源:和谐英语

 

 

poor adj.

1. 用于 the poor, 相当于名词,表示“穷人”,具有复数意义。如:

The poor were looked down upon in the old days. 在旧社会穷人受人瞧不起。

2. 比较 be poor in 与 be poor at :前者表示在某方面贫乏;后者表示做某事很差劲或不行。如:

He was poor in money but rich in knowledge. 他金钱贫乏,但知识丰富。

The man is poor at swimming. /The man is a poor swimmer. 这个人不善于游泳。

 

popular adj.

1. 表示“受欢迎的”、“讨人喜欢的”,若表示受某人欢迎或讨某人喜欢,其后通常接 with(有时也接 among)。如:

The singer is very popular with [among] young people. 这位歌手很受年轻人的欢迎。

He is popular among men, though not, perhaps, with ladies. 他很受男士们的欢迎,虽然也许不一定讨女士们的喜欢。

2. 表示“大众化的”、“民众的”、“流行的”等义,通常只用作定语,一般不用作表语。如:

popular science 大众科学popular music 流行音乐

popular newspaper 大众报纸 popular opinion 民意

 

population n.

1. 表示“人口”,是集合名词,通常用单数形式。用作主语时,其谓语动词通常用单数。如:

The population of the country is only ten million. 这个国家的人口仅有一千万。

Half the world’s population doesn’t get enough to eat. 世界有一半人口没有足够的食物吃。

注:有时谓语用单数(侧重整体)或复数(侧重个体)均可,尤其是其前有几分之几或百分之几十之类的修饰语时。如:

What per cent of the population read [reads] books? 识字的人占人口的百分之几?

2. 其前不能用数词修饰,也不能与 many, few 之类的词连用,但在说明数量多少时可用 large, small 等修饰。若表示“某地拥有多少人口”,一般用“have a population of+基数词”这样的结构。如:

这个城市人口很多。

误:The population of this city is very many.

正:The population of this city is very large.

中国有12亿多人口。

误:China has more than twelve hundred million popula- tion.

正:China has a population of more than twelve hundred million.

3. 若要打听某地的人口数,一般用类似下面这样的句型:

How large [What] is the population of China? 中国有多少人口?

 

possession n.

1. 表示“拥有”、“占有”等,是不可数名词。比较以下各组句子有无修饰语(定冠词或物主代词等)所导致的含义上的区别 (主动或被动):

这房子是先生的。

正:Mr Li was in possession of the house.

正:The house was in the possession of Mr Li.

他得了一大笔财产。

正:He came into possession of a large fortune.

正:A large fortune came into his possession.

注:take possession of 和 have possession of 这两个结构中通常不用冠词。如:

He has had possession of the house for ten years. 他拥有这房子已有十年了。

The policeman took possession of the thief’s bag. 警察拿下了那个小偷的包。

2. 表示“财产”、“所有物”等,是可数名词,但通常要用复数形式。如:

He has few possessions. 他的财产很少。

He is a man of great possessions. 他是个大财主。

He lost all his possessions in the fire. 他在火灾中失去了他所有的财产。