内部讲义:常考词的语法与用法(11)
◆number n.
1. 表示“号码”,可缩略为 No. (有时可省略不用),这类结构通常不用冠词:Room (number) 105(第105号房),Bus (No. ) 16 16 ( 路公共汽车),question number 4 (第四个问题),live at (No. ) 35 York Rd, London(住在伦敦约克路35号)等
注:这类结构有时可放在名词前作定语。如:No. 17 Platform (第17号站台),No. 1 Middle School(第一中学) 等
有时可用两类表达。如:Platform No. 16 或 No. 16 Platform (16号站台)
有时可以用冠词,主要见于用于名词前作定语,且 number 未缩写时。如:a number 9 shoe (9号鞋),a number 25 bus (25路公共汽车),the Number 10 trolley bus(10路电车) 等
2. 表示“数目”或“数量”,要注意区别:a number of 和 the number of, 前者意为“许多”、“若干”等,number 前可用 good, great, large, small 等词修饰,其后必须接可数名词复数形式,用作主语时,谓语动词也用复数;后者意为“……的数量”,其后也接可数名词的复数形式或具有复数意义的名词,用作主语时,谓语要用单数。如:
A large number of young people like this song. 许多年轻人喜欢这首歌。
The number of workers in this factory is small. 这个工厂的工人不多。
The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons. 共邀请了50人,但有些人由于种种原因缺席未到。
◆object v.
用作及物或不及物动词,不仅意义上有差别,而且在结构用法上也有不少需注意之处:若用作不及物动词,意为“反对”,若需带宾语,须后接介词 to;若用作及物动词,其后通常只能接 that从句作宾语,而不接名词或代词等简单宾语,并且此时 object 的意思不是“反对”,而是“提出……作为反对的理由”。比较以下例子:
我父母反对我与她结婚。
误:My parents objected that I married her.
正:My parents objected to my marrying her.
他反对被当作小孩子看待。
误:He objected that he was treated like a child.
正:He objected to being treated like a child.
他说我不够仔细而提出反对。
误:He objected to my not being careful enough.
正:He objected that I was not careful enough.
她反对的理由是他太年轻还不能担任此工作。
误:She objected to his being too young for the job.
正:She objected that he was too young for the job.
◆oblige v.
1. 表示“被迫”,其后通常接不定式的复合结构。如:
The police obliged them to leave. 警察迫使他们离开。
We were obliged to be more strict with them. 我们只好对他们再严格些。
2. 表示“施恩给”、“使感激”等,注意以下典型句子的有关搭配:
She obliged us with a song. 她为我们唱了首歌。
Please oblige me by keeping quiet during the lecture. 演讲期间请保持安静。
I’m obliged to you for your good opinion. 感谢你的宝贵意见。
注:口语中表示感谢时,通常用省略形式。即:Much obliged. 非常感谢(=I’m much obliged to you)。
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