内部讲义:常考词的语法与用法(11)
◆observe v.
表示“注意到”,通常是指无意中注意到,其后可接带不定式(不带 to)或现在分词的复合结构。如:
Everyone observed him leave [leaving] the room. 大家都注意到了他离开屋子。
I observed her enter [entering] the bank at 9:30. 我注意到她九点半进了银行。
注:以上结构用现在分词或不带 to 的不定式的区别为:用现在分词可指动作正在进行(未完成)或动词作的全过程(已完成),而用不带 to 的不定式通常只指动作的全过程(即动词已完成)。
另外,若 observe 为被动语态,则其后的不定式要带 to。如:
She was observed to enter the bank at 9:30.
用于以上词义时,还可后接从句。如:
I observed that several students were asleep. 我注意到有几个学生睡着了。
◆occur v.
1. 表示“发生”、“出现”,是不及物动词,所以不能带宾语,也不能用于被动语态。如:
事故(地震)是什么时候发生的?
误:When was the accident (earthquake) occurred?
正:When did the accident (earthquake) occur?
每页都有两三个错误。
误:Two or three mistakes are occurred in every page.
正:Two or three mistakes occur in every page.
2. 表示某想法出现在某人脑海中或被某人想到,通常与介词 to连用。如:
A good idea occurred to me. 我想起了个好主意。
His name just did not occur to my memory. 我就是想不起他的名字。
注:在以上用法中,若主语为从句或不定式,则在句首使用形式主语 it, 而把真正的主语放在后面。如:
It never occurred to me that he was a thief. 我怎么也没想到他是个贼。
Didn’t it occur to you to phone them about it? 难道你就没有想到给他们打个电话?
◆of prep.
1. 表示所有关系,用以构成名词的所有格。如:the gate of the
school(校门),the secret of success(成功的秘密)等。
注意以下正误表达:
正:He is a friend of my father. 他是我父亲的一位朋友。
正:He is a friend of my father’s. 他是我父亲的一位朋友。
正:He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一位朋友。
误:He is a friend of me.
以下表达是错误的:
误:What’s the name of you? (改为……your name)
误:Do you know the father of him? (改为……his father)
误:I will show the books of me. (改为……my books)
但是以下表达却是对的(of 表示动宾关系):
正:I hate the sight of him. 我讨厌看到他。
正:His criticism of her is serious. 他对她的批评是严肃 的。
2. 与 age, shape, size, colour, height, design, weight 等名词连用,可用作表语或定语;其中的介词 of 有时可省略。如:(www.hxen.net)
When I was (of) your age, I lived in the country. 我像你这个年纪的时候,我住在乡下。
The two boys are (of) the same height. 这两个男孩一样高。
Here is a piece of wood (of) the right size. 这有一块木头,其大小刚好适合。
3. 与某些名词连用,相当于形容词,可用作定语或表语。如:
The dictionary is of much help to the students. 这本字典对学生帮助很大。
Nothing of importance resulted from this movement. 这次运动收效甚微。
The work you are doing now is not of much value. 你现在做的工作没有多大价值。
4. 与 hear, talk, know, tell, speak 等动词连用,表示一种间接性,大意为“涉及到”。如:
Have you heard of such a man? 你听说过这样的人吗?
I know of the poet. 我听说过这位诗人。
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