英语基础语法学习·句子类型

四、疑问句

用来询问情况、提出质疑、表示怀疑或征求意见时，就得使用疑问句。根据疑问句的形式和意义，可将疑问句分为四种类型，即：一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句和反意疑问句。

1. 一般疑问句：用yes或no来回答的疑问句，一般疑问句用升调。陈述句变为疑问句时分三种情况：

1) 陈述句中有系动词be、助动词be, have / has, do, will, would, shall, should, had或情态动词can, could, may, might, must, dare, need, ought时，将这些系动词、助动词或情态动词移到句首，并在句末加上问号。如：

I’ll go to the History Museum this afternoon. — Will you go to the History Museum this afternoon?  今天下午你去了历史博物馆吗(from www.hxen.net)？

I visited Beijing last month. — Did you visit Beijing last month? 上个月你参观了北京吗？

在对疑问句进行回答时，须注意：

(1) 当回答could, would所提的问题时，一般用can, will. 如：

—Could you help me with my homework this evening? —Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.

—Would you go there right now? —Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.

在对方向你表示邀请时，可用OK, sorry等来替代Yes，No.

(2) 在对用may所提问题的否定回答时，一般用mustn’t / can’t；而在对用 must所提的问题进行否定回答时，一般用needn’t / don’t have to. 如：

—May I use your bike now? —Yes, you may. / No, you can’t. (mustn’t)

—Must I stay at school this afternoon? —Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t (don’t have to).

2) 原陈述中没有系动词be、助动词be, have / has, do, will, would, shall, should had或情态动词can, could, may, might, must, dare, need, ought时，则在句首加助动词Do的适当形式，同时，将谓语动词变为原形动词。如(from www.hxen.net)：

We speak Chinese. — Do you speak Chinese? 你讲汉语吗？

I went shopping yesterday. —Did you go shopping yesterday? 昨天你去买东西了吗？

3) 原陈述句中，若谓语动词是have / has, 则须考虑have / has的意义。如果have / has是“有”的意义时，变为疑问句时，既可在句首加Do的适当形式，也可将have / has,提到句首。如：

He has a beautiful pen. —Has he a beautiful pen? / does he have a beautiful pen? 他有一只漂亮的钢笔吗？

但若have / has,的意思不是“有”时，变为疑问句时，则必须在句手加Do的适当形式。如

I have lunch at home. —Do you have lunch at home? 你在家吃中饭吗？

We had a meeting last night. —Did you have a meeting last night?  昨天晚上你开会了吗？

(4) 原陈述句中有情态动词used to时，它的一般疑问句，可将used移到句首；也可在句首加Did 。如：

I used to go swimming in the river. —Did you use to go swimming in the river? / Used you to go swimming in the river? 你过去常常去那条河里游泳吗？

(5) 当心need, dare两个动词。这两个动词既可以做情态动词又可以做行为动词。做情态动词时，直接将它们移到句首。此时，若用need的问句，肯定回答时用must，否定回答时，用needn’t。若作行为动词，则用Do的适当的形式提问。如：

—Need I come here tomorrow?—Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.

—I need to go to school now. —Do you need to go to school now?

—Dare you tell your father about it?

—Do you dare to go out at night?