2015两会 李克强答记者问双语全文
China Business News: Mr Premier, you stressed on many occasions the importance of mass entrepreneurship and innovation and you regard them as a new engine fueling China’s economic growth. But there are also people who say that it is a personal decision to start a business and it is a market behavior to do. So why should the government spend so much time and energy on this?
李克强：
Premier:
谢谢你的好意，让我们少操心。但是不能不多操心啊，因为大众创业、万众创新，实际上是一个改革。这也是历史的启示。回想30多年前，正是因为承包制政策的实施，调动了亿万农民生产和经营的积极性，也因为允许人口流动，亿万农民工进城，创造了中国经济的奇迹。
I appreciate your intention of saving the government much time and energy. This is something that the government must do - because mass entrepreneurship and innovation are major endeavors of reform and this reform is also inspired by the experience we have gained from our own past.About 30 years ago, the introduction of the household contract responsibility system brought into full play the initiative of the vast number of Chinese farmers. It is because people could move freely across provinces and cities that hundreds of millions of Chinese farmers migrated into cities, and that has created the miracle of China’s economic development.
我想起去年在我们推进简政放权、商事制度改革的时候，我去一个地方的企业登记场所，遇到一位已经退休的妇女。因为我们取消了注册资本的实缴制，她的热情来了，说要办一个婚庆公司，而且她说：“我知道这个地方办婚礼的老礼数，有些家庭希望这么办，我没有读过很多书，但这是我的核心竞争力。”我还到过许多咖啡屋、众创空间，看到那里年轻人有许多奇思妙想，他们研发的产品可以说能够带动市场的需求。真是高手在民间啊，破茧就可以出蚕。
Last year, when the government pursued the reform of the business systems to streamline its administration, I recall that I paid a visit to one of the local venues for business registration, and I came across a woman who was already retired. As you may know, the government has replaced the paid-in capital registration requirement, so this led to an increase in the enthusiasm of those who were thinking of starting their own business - and this woman was one of them. She told me that she wanted to register a wedding service company because she was well versed with the traditional ways of holding such wedding ceremonies, and she believed that she had a competitive edge in providing these services. So she wanted to register a company under her name. I also paid several visits to venture cafes and maker spaces, where I met young people there - they had brilliant ideas, and when their ideas are put into practice and produce actual products, they actually boost market demand. I believe there are a lot of people with brilliant talent among the people, and we must lift all the restrictions so that they can put their talent to good use.
市场活力的激发需要政府去清障搭台，今年我们要继续在这方面做更多的事。要进一步放宽市场准入，实行“三证”合一，让服务业领域的一些企业注册登记别再那么费劲了。要清障还要搭台，对企业特别是创业的小微企业，我们要更多地提供租金低廉的创业空间，给创业插上翅膀，还要通过政府引导资金来吸引更多的种子基金。同时，还要进一步减税降费，让这些企业轻装前进。
To boost market vitality, the government must eliminate roadblocks and pave the way for people to tap their entrepreneurship. The government plans to do more in this regard in 2015. Market access will be further relaxed, the required business license and all necessary certificates will be integrated into one single certificate, and people shouldn’t have to go to so much trouble to get a business registered in some areas of the services sector. The government also needs to foster more favorable conditions - especially for micro and small businesses. Low-rent spaces should be available - to add wings to the entrepreneurial spirit of our people. The government will also fully leverage the national guidance funds to encourage pitching in of seed capital, and taxes and fees will also be further reduced to ensure that small businesses will be able to forge ahead without a heavy burden.
国家的繁荣在于人民创造力的发挥，经济的活力也来自就业、创业和消费的多样性。我们推动“双创”，就是要让更多的人富起来，让更多的人实现人生价值。这有助于调整收入分配结构，促进社会公平，也会让更多的年轻人，尤其是贫困家庭的孩子有更多的上升通道。谢谢！
A country can achieve prosperity when its people’s initiative is brought into full play. There will be much vitality in economic activity when there are ample business opportunities and choices for consumers. So, to encourage mass entrepreneurship and innovation, we want to help more people become better off and help more people achieve full potential in their life. This will also help us adjust the income distribution structure and promote social fairness. In particular, we want to ensure that young people, especially children from poor families, will have equal access to opportunities for upward mobility. Thank you.
赫芬顿邮报记者：总理，您好。柴静的《穹顶之下》说中石化、中石油这两个央企一直在妨碍环保政策的制定和执行，尤其是在汽油质量标准的确定和天然气的推行。我的问题就是，您认为这两个央企真的在阻碍环保政策的落实吗？如果这样的话，中央政府会怎么冲破这种阻力？谢谢。
The Huffington Post: In Under the Dome, a documentary made by Chai Jing, she complained that big oil companies like Sinopec and PetroChina have blocked the introduction of policies on environmental protection and law enforcement in this field. For example, in the setting of the quality standards of gasoline consumed as well as introduction of the wider use of natural gas. My question is, is it true that these companies are posing an obstacle to enforcing environmental protection laws and policies, and if so, what steps will the Chinese government take to remove such an obstacle?
李克强：
Premier:
我理解你刚才一连串的发问，问的是人们，包括在座各位普遍关注的雾霾等环境污染这个焦点问题。可以说政府在治理雾霾等环境污染方面，决心是坚定的，也下了很大的气力，但取得的成效和人们的期待还有比较大的差距。我去年在《政府工作报告》中说，要向雾霾等污染宣战，不达目的决不停战。
I understand the focus of all your questions is about tackling environmental pollution, especially smog. This is a concern uppermost on all people’s minds. I want to tell you that the Chinese government is determined to tackle smog and environmental pollution as a whole, and tremendous efforts have already been made in this regard. But the progress we have made still falls far short of the expectation of our people. Last year I said that the Chinese government would declare war against environmental pollution. We are determined to carry forward our efforts until we achieve our goal.
治理要抓住关键，今年的要害就是要严格执行新出台的《环境保护法》。对违法违规排放的企业，不论是什么样的企业，坚决依法追究，甚至要让那些偷排偷放的企业承受付不起的代价。对环保执法部门要加大支持力度，包括能力建设，不允许有对执法的干扰和法外施权。环保等执法部门也要敢于担当，承担责任。对工作不到位、工作不力的也要问责，渎职失职的要依法追究，环保法的执行不是棉花棒，是杀手锏。
This year our focus will be to ensure the full implementation of the newly-revised environmental protection law. All acts of illegal production and emissions will be brought to justice and held accountable. We need to make the cost for doing so too high to bear. More support will be given to environmental law enforcement departments, including capacity building, and no one is allowed to use his power tomeddle with law enforcement in this regard. The law enforcement departments should also have the courage to take charge and fulfill their due responsibilities. Laxity in law enforcement will be dealt with and dereliction of duty or abuse of office will be handled in accordance with the law. We must ensure that the law will work as a powerful and effective tool in fighting pollution instead of being soft as cotton candy.
当然，治理是一个系统工程。我前天看到有个别媒体报道，说今年《政府工作报告》关于雾霾等环境污染治理的表述放在比较靠后的位置。我想说明，今年报告有很大的变化，就是我们把节能减排的指标和主要经济社会发展指标排列在一起，放在了很靠前的位置。报告里从调结构到提高油品生产和使用的质量等，都和治理雾霾等环境污染相关联，这是一个需要全社会人人有责的治理行动。当然，治理要有个过程，如果说人一时难以改变自己所处的自然环境，但是可以改变自己的行为方式。谢谢！
Tackling environmental pollution is a systemic project that involves a lot of effort in various areas. A few days ago I came across a media report which said that in this year’s government work report, the paragraph addressing environmental treatment came at the back. But I want to draw attention to one big difference in this year’s government work report. That is our targets for energy conservation and emission reduction are put together with all the major targets of economic and social development, which all come very much earlier in the government work report. We also need to see that many parts of the report, be it adjusting the economic structure or improving the quality of fuel used, have something to do with the environment. This is going to require the joint efforts of the whole of society. It may be difficult for one to change the natural environment he lives in anytime soon, but one can always change the way he behaves. Thank you.
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