名人教你讲英文:Over和Under
名人教英文:over和under
prefix即“前缀”,加在其他词语之前,能改变词语原本的意思。我曾在本栏介绍in和out 作前缀时的用法,这次介绍几个用over和under作前缀的例子。
over和under是常见的前缀。over能配许多词语,表示“过了头”的意思。oversleep 就是“睡过了头”:i was late for work because i overslept. overeat 即“吃过量了”:i have an upset stomach because i overate last night. 然而,overwork不止解作“过度操劳”。我们且看一例:the term "property hegemony" is an overworked expression,overwork在此的意思是“滥用”、“用得太多”。
不过,over不一定解作“过度”。举例说,overwhelm指“以强大的力量压倒或震慑别人”:i was overwhelmed with emotions after watching the film the reader.
有些词语配以over和under时,意思正好相反。underwhelm与overwhelm反义,意谓“不能给人深刻印象,令人觉得不过如此”:i am underwhelmed by the lobby of this famed seven-star hotel. 其他例子包括underestimate(低估)和overestimate(高估),underpaid (薪酬过低)和overpaid(薪酬过高),understaffed(人手不足)和overstaffed(人手过剩)等等。
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