名人教你讲英文：主动与被动式动词

名人教英文：主动与被动式动词

the use of an active or a passive voice indicates the diathesis of a verb in english grammar. 英文文法上，主动式或被动式的动词是用来表明一个动词的素质变化。

that is to say, different voices show the different relationships between the verb and its subject or its object. 也就是说，不同式的动词是用来表明动词与其主词或受词之间的不同关系。

the active voice
in the active voice, the subject is the "doer" of the action.
eg the cat ate the rat. 猫吃老鼠。

the subject of the above simple sentence is "cat", the doer. the verb is "ate" which takes an object: "rat".

the passive voice
in the passive voice, the subject is changed from a "doer" to a "target" of the verb.

eg the rat was eaten by the cat.
老鼠给猫吃掉了。

the subject of the above simple sentence is "rat", the target. the verb "was eaten" is in the passive voice.
it will be seen from the above simple examples that when a verb in the active voice is transformed to an equivalent passive voice, the subject and object switch their roles and are reversed. at the same time, there are concurrent changes in the participial forms of the verb.

从以上所举的简单例子来看，要把主动式变为相等的被动式动词，其主词与其受词要互相换位。与此同时，分词的形式也会跟着转变。