特朗普新一轮关税制裁或将直接冲击美国消费者

President’s Donald Trump’s trade battles with China and the rest of the world have barely touched U.S. consumers so far, but that could soon change.

美国总统特朗普与中国和其他国家的贸易交锋到目前为止还基本没有影响到美国消费者，但这一状况可能会很快发生变化。

The White House proposal to apply tariffs to an additional $200 billion in Chinese imports—and possibly as much as $400 billion if China retaliates—would certainly hit many consumer products, from appliances to clothing to electronics, if enacted.

白宫提出对额外的2,000亿美元中国进口商品加征关税，并且若中国反击，可能将加征关税商品规模最高扩大至4,000亿美元，如果最终落实，肯定会冲击许多消费产品，包括电器、服装和电子产品等。

When the Trump administration picked its initial target lists for tariffs against China, it was able to largely steer clear of consumer goods by focusing on products like semiconductors, plastics, machinery and other intermediate and capital goods—purchased by businesses but not directly by shoppers.

在制定首轮对华关税举措的商品清单时，特朗普政府能够基本上避开消费品，而是专注于半导体、塑料、机械设备及其他中间产品和资本品，这些产品的买家是企业，与消费者不发生直接关系。

Because so many products the U.S. imports from China are consumer goods, it is likely impossible to construct a list of $200 billion in extra items for tariffs without hitting major categories of consumer goods.

但由于中国输美商品中消费品非常多，制定下一轮2,000亿美元关税商品清单要想避开主要消费品类别可能不太现实。

The nation’s leading import from China is cellphones. In 2017 Americans bought $70.4 billion worth of them from the world’s second largest economy. Also among top U.S. imports from China are computers, at $45.5 billion, various kinds of apparel, totaling $36.4 billion, toys and sporting goods, at $26.8 billion, and furniture at $20.7 billion. Shoes and televisions are also high on the list.

美国从中国进口商品排行榜上位列第一的是手机。2017年美国向这个全球第二大经济体进口了价值704亿美元的手机。除此之外，排名靠前的进口商品还有电脑（455亿美元）、各种服装（364亿美元）、玩具和体育用品（268亿美元）以及家具（207亿美元）。鞋子和电视机排名也非常靠前。

If the U.S. hits Chinese products with tariffs, they could filter through the system in different ways. Chinese suppliers or U.S. retailers could absorb some of the cost, insulating consumers but hitting their own profits, or they could pass the cost on to consumers in the form of higher prices.

如果美国对从中国进口的商品征收关税，其成本可能通过不同方式渗透到美国经济中。中国供应商或美国零售商或可能会吸收部分成本，让消费者不受影响，但自身利润受损，或者他们可以提高价格，将成本转嫁给消费者。