大学英语自学教程 下册 un05

[07:26.47]舒伯特在创作这些较短形式的单薄方面是更大为成功的.
[07:29.36]The spontaneously inspired man
[07:33.20]is only one type of composer with his own limitations.
[07:35.84]即兴灵感型作家只是一种类型的作曲家,有他自身的局限性.
[07:38.48]Beethoven belongs to the second type-the constructive type one might call it.
[07:41.65]  贝多芬属于第二种类型---人们可以称之为富有建设性的类型.
[07:44.82]This type serves as an example of my theory
[07:46.94]这种类型的作曲家比任何其他类型
[07:49.05]of the creative process in music better than any other,
[07:51.54]更适合作为我的音乐创造过程理论的例证,
[07:54.02]because in this case the composer really does begin with a musical theme
[07:57.05]因为这类例子中的作曲家确实从音乐主题开始创作.
[08:00.08]in Beethoven's case there is no doubt about it
[08:02.26]以贝多芬为例,关于这点勿庸置疑,
[08:04.44]for we have the notebooks in which he put the themes down.
[08:06.82]因为我们有他记下主题的笔记本.
[08:09.20]We can see from his notebooks how he worked over his themes
[08:11.62]从他的笔记中我们可以看到,他是如何在他的音乐主题上下功夫的
[08:14.05]how he would not let them be until they were as perfect as he could make them.
[08:16.93]--他不做到使之完美无缺绝不罢休.
[08:19.80]Beethoven was not a spontaneously inspired composer in the Schubert sense at all
[08:23.08]贝多芬完全不是舒伯特那种意义上的即兴灵感型作曲家.
[08:26.36]He was the type that begins with a theme makes it a preliminary idea;
[08:29.39]他是那种从一个主题开始作曲的类型,把主题作为初步的想法.
[08:32.42]and upon that composes a musical work,day after day,in painstaking fashion.
[08:36.00]在此基础上,日日苦干,谱写出音乐作品来.
[08:39.58]Most composers since Beethoven's day belong to this second type.
[08:42.45]贝多芬时代以来的多数作曲家属于第二种类型.
[08:45.32]The third type of composer I can only call,
[08:47.39]因为没有更好的名字,第三类作曲家
[08:49.45]for lack of a better name the traditionalist type.
[08:52.09]我只能称之为传统主义类型.
[08:54.73]Men like Palestrina and Bach belong in this category.
[08:57.51]像帕莱斯特里纳和巴赫这些人属于这种类型.
[09:00.29]They both are characteristic of the kind of composer
[09:04.65]who is bom in a particular period of musical history,
[09:07.19]他们都具有生于音乐史上的特殊时期,
[09:09.72]when a certain musical style is about to reach its fullest development
[09:12.45]即某种音乐风格即将达到其鼎盛时期的那种作曲家的特点.
[09:15.18]It is a question at such a time
[09:18.94]of creating music in a well-known and accepted style
[09:21.28]在那样一个以一种众所周知并广为接受的风格创作音乐的年代,
[09:23.62]and doing it in a way that is better than anyone has done it before you.
[09:26.35]要以一种比前人更好的形式创作音乐是很难的.
[09:29.08]The traditionalist type of composer
[09:32.73]begins with a pattern rather than with a theme.
[09:35.06]  传统类型的作曲家从一种模式而不是一个主题开始创作.
[09:37.38]The creative act with Palestrina is not the thematic conception
[09:40.27]帕莱斯特里纳的创作行为并非针对主题的概念,
[09:43.16]so much as the personal treatment of a well-established pattern.
[09:45.80]只不过是对固定下来的模式进行个人处理.
[09:48.43]And even Bach,who composed forty-eight of the most various and inspired
[09:55.38]themes in his Well Tempered Clavichord,
[09:57.37]甚至巴赫,他在他的<平均律钢琴曲集>中谱写了48首各具特色鼓舞人心的主题曲,
[09:59.35]knew in advance the general formal mold that they were to fill
[10:02.02]也事先知道这些主题曲要填入的一般正式的模式.
[10:04.68]It goes without saying
[10:06.20]不用说,
[10:07.71]that we are not living in a tradition alist period nowadays.
[10:10.19]我们现在已不是生活在传统时期.
[10:12.68]One might add, for the sake of completeness,
[10:14.95]  为了全面起见,
[10:17.22]a fourth type of composerthe pioneer type:
[10:19.81]还应加上第四作曲家
[10:22.39]men like Gesualdo in the seventeenth century
[10:24.67]---先锋型:像片17世纪的杰苏尔多,
[10:26.94]Moussorgsky and Berlioz in the nineteenth,
[10:29.32]19世纪的穆索尔斯基和柏辽兹,
[10:31.69]Debussy and Edgar Varese in the twentieth.
[10:34.33]20世纪的德彪西和埃德加.瓦雷兹这些人.