大学英语自学教程 下册 un13

[04:10.44]At a guess I would say sixteen per cent,
[04:13.06]我猜测为16%,
[04:15.69]and I do not think that figure is likely to get bigger in the future
[04:18.61]并且我认为那个数字将来不可能变得更大.
[04:21.54]Technology and the division of labor have done two things:
[04:24.72]  技术和劳动分工已产生了两点影响:
[04:27.91]by eliminating in many fields the need for special strength or skill
[04:31.44]通过在许多领域内减少对特殊力量和技巧的需求,
[04:34.96]they have made a very large number of paid occupations
[04:40.82]which formerly were enjoyable work into boring labor,
[04:44.06]它们已使大量过去愉快的有偿工作变成使人厌烦的工作,
[04:47.29]and by increasing productivity
[04:51.66]they have reduced the number of necessary laboring hours.
[04:54.74]通过提高生产率它们减少了一些必要的劳动时间.
[04:57.82]It is already possible to imagine a society in which
[05:03.99]the majority of the population,
[05:08.06]that is to say, its laborers,
[05:09.60]已经有可能去设想这样一个社会,大多数人,即劳作者,
[05:11.14]will have almost as much leisure as in earlier times
[05:17.10]was enjoyed by the aristocracy.
[05:19.07]将拥有几乎与早期贵州所享用的一样多的休闲.
[05:21.04]When one recalls how aristocracies in the past actually behaved
[05:28.02]the prospect is not cheerful.
[05:30.04]当一个人回忆起过去贵州实际上的所作所为,前景就不会乐观了.
[05:32.07]Indeed,the problem of dealing with boredom
[05:34.89]的确,对于 这样一个未来群众社会,
[05:37.71]may be even more difficult for such a future mass society
[05:43.77]than it was for aristocracies.
[05:45.85]对付无聊的问题可能甚至更困难.
[05:47.92]The latter,for example,ritualized their time;
[05:50.85]例如,后者使他们的时间仪式化了,
[05:53.78]there was a season to shoot grouse,a season to spend-in town,etc
[05:57.81]有射猪松鸡的季节,在镇上度日的季节等等.
[06:01.85]The masses are more likely to replace an unchanging ritual by fashion
[06:05.48]群众更可能用时尚取代千篇一律的程式,
[06:09.11]which it will be in the economic interest of certain peopleto change
[06:15.17]as often as possible.
[06:16.95]而尽可能经常地改变时常也符合某些人的经济利益.
[06:18.72]Again,the masses cannot go in for hunting,
[06:21.24]同样,群众也不能都有打猎的爱好,
[06:23.76]for very soon there would be no animals left to hunt.
[06:26.44]因为很快就会没有动物可供射猎.
[06:29.12]For other aristocratic amusements-like gambling,dueling,and warfare
[06:32.80]对于其他贵州娱乐活动像赌博,决斗和战争,
[06:36.49]it may be only too easy to find equivalents in dangerous driving,
[06:39.87]可能很容易在危险驾驶,
[06:43.25]drag-taking,and senseless acts of violence.
[06:45.84]吸毒和愚蠢的暴力行为中找到等价物.
[06:48.42]Workers seldom commit acts of violence
[06:50.91]工作者很少有暴力行为,
[06:53.39]because they can put their aggression into their work,
[06:55.82]因为他们能把进取心放在他们的工作上,
[06:58.25]be it physical like the work of a smith
[07:03.11]or mental like the work of a scientist or an artist.
[07:05.93]不管是铁匠从事的体力劳动,还是科学家或艺术家从事的脑力劳动.
[07:08.75]The role of aggression in mental work
[07:13.61]is aptly expressed by the phrase "getting one's teeth into a problem."
[07:17.39]"把牙伸到某个问题中"这条习语很贴切地表示出了进取心在智力工作中的作用.
[07:21.18]Text B
[07:24.03]The Workman's Compensation
[07:25.84]劳动者的补偿
[07:27.66]How can someone,hour after hour,day after day,year in and year out
[07:31.38]  一个人怎么能一个又一个小时,一天又一天,一年又一年地
[07:35.11]tighten approximately the same nut to the same bolt and not go mad?
[07:38.28]把几乎相同的螺帽拧到相同的螺栓上,而不发疯呢?
[07:41.45]That most working people do not,in fact,go mad
[07:46.21]is due in large measure to a phenomenon so common
[07:51.28]that it is found wherever people labor in industry:
[07:53.64]事实上,多数劳动者并不民疯大半是由于"不紧不慢"的现象很平常,
[07:56.00]taking it easy.
[07:57.43]在企业中有人工作的地方到处可见.
[07:58.85]It would take some kind of real mental case
[08:02.82]to do all the work one could all day long.
[08:04.95]一个人恐怕要有某种真正的精神病才能一整天竭尽全力的干活.
[08:07.08]No one expects it.