大学英语自学教程 下册 un13

[08:08.54]没有人希望这样.
[08:10.00]Taking it easy on the job while someone else covers your work,
[08:12.63]在别人帮你照看你的工作时,你就不紧不慢地干,
[08:15.26]or "working on and off," as it is usually called in America,
[08:18.04]也就是像美国人通常说的那样"干干停停",
[08:20.82]is an established part of the working life.
[08:22.80]是工作生涯的一个既定部分.
[08:24.79]Working on and off,however,has its limits.
[08:27.57]  然而,干干停停有它的局限性.
[08:30.35]The rules are infinitely varied,subtle,and flexible,
[08:33.08]这些惯例的变化无尽无休,很微妙,很有弹性.
[08:35.81]and of course, they are always changing.
[08:38.00]当然,它们总变.
[08:40.18]Management,up to a certain level at least,is aware of the practice
[08:43.42]管理部门,至少在一定程度上,知道这种做法.
[08:46.65]and in some industries employs entire cadres of people
[08:52.01]to curtail or put an end to it.
[08:54.09]一些企业雇佣干部以减少或结束这种做法.
[08:56.16]Simultaneously,the workers are subtly doing their best
[09:01.73]to keep it goingand to extend it wherever possible.
[09:04.21]同时,工人们巧妙地,尽最大努力使之继续下去并使之延伸到可能的任何地方.
[09:06.69]Every worker has a highly developed sense of how much work is expected of him
[09:09.86]  每一个工人都地自己要做多少工作高度敏感.
[09:13.04]When he feels that the expectation is excessive,
[09:15.36]当他感到希望他做的事过多时,
[09:17.69]he tries to do something about it.
[09:19.52]就会浓度采取某些措施.
[09:21.35]This instinct has to do with the political nature of work itself
[09:26.70]something every modern worker understands.
[09:28.83]这种天性与每一个现代工人所懂得的工作本身的政治特性有关.
[09:30.96]The bosses want more from the workerthan they are willing to give in return.
[09:33.90]老板希望从工人身上得到的比他们给予工人的要多;
[09:36.84]The workers give work, and the bosses give money.
[09:39.21]工人付出劳动,老板付出报酬.
[09:41.59]The exchange is never quite equal,and the discrepancy is called profit
[09:44.15]这个交换从来不会太平等,这个差异叫做利润.
[09:46.71]Since the bosses cannot do without profit,workers have an edge.
[09:49.58]由于老板不能没有利润,工人们就占了上风.
[09:52.46]A good worker in a key spot could,so long as he kept up production
[09:55.38]一个在关键岗位的好工人,只要他保持着产量不降低,
[09:58.31]take all the coffee breaks he wanted
[10:00.19]可以随心所欲地利用工间休息,
[10:02.07]and the bosses would very likely look the other way.
[10:04.25]而老板很可能装作没看见.
[10:06.43]He could also choose to cut down on the coffee breaks,apply himself
[10:09.36]他也可以缩短工间休息,努力干活,增加生产,
[10:12.28]and increase production,and then ask for and get more money.
[10:15.07]然后要求并得到更多的钱.
[10:17.85]But that would be selfdefeating,and he knows it.
[10:19.98]但他知道那是违背自己的利益的,
[10:22.11]It would also place him in competition with other workers,
[10:24.54]它也会置他于与其工人的竞争中,
[10:26.96]which would be playing into the bosses'hands.
[10:29.00]这种竞争会有利于老板.
[10:31.04]What he would rather do is create some slack for himself
[10:36.08]and enjoy his job more.
[10:37.70]他宁愿休憩的是为自己创造一些空闲,更好地享受工作.
[10:39.32]At present on the West Coast,
[10:41.04]目前在西海岸,
[10:42.77]when a gang of longshoremen working on cargo start a shift,
[10:45.43]从事船货装卸工作的一伙码头装卸工开始轮班时,
[10:48.10]they often divide themselves into two equal groups and toss a coin.
[10:50.88]他们经常把自己分成两组,然后掷硬币决定先后顺序.
[10:53.66]One group goes into the far reaches of the ship's hold and sits around
[10:56.54]一组走到船舱的深处四散坐下.
[10:59.41]The other group starts loading cargo,usually working with a vengeance
[11:01.46]另一组开始装货,通常十得很猛,
[11:03.51]since each one of them is doing the work of two men.
[11:05.74]因为他们每个人正在做两个人的工作,
[11:07.98]An hour later,the groups change places.
[11:10.16]一小时以后,两个组交换位置.
[11:12.34]In other words,although my fellow longshoremen and I
[11:14.98]换句话,虽然我和我的装卸工人
[11:17.62]are getting paid for eight hours,
[11:19.75]同伴们获得8小时的报酬,